The 2003 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

Чтение книги онлайн.

СКАЧАТЬ style="font-size:15px;">       Coast Guard

      Transnational Issues Howland Island

      Disputes - international: none

      This page was last updated on 18 December, 2003

      ======================================================================

      @Hungary

      Introduction Hungary

      Background:

       Hungary was part of the polyglot Austro-Hungarian Empire, which

       collapsed during World War I. The country fell under Communist rule

       following World War II. In 1956, a revolt and announced withdrawal

       from the Warsaw Pact were met with a massive military intervention

       by Moscow. Under the leadership of Janos KADAR in 1968, Hungary

       began liberalizing its economy, introducing so-called "goulash

       Communism." Hungary held its first multiparty elections in 1990 and

       initiated a free market economy. It joined NATO in 1999 and is

       scheduled to accede to the EU along with nine other states on 1 May

       2004. In an April 2003 referendum, 84 percent voted in favor of

       joining the EU.

      Geography Hungary

      Location:

       Central Europe, northwest of Romania

      Geographic coordinates:

       47 00 N, 20 00 E

      Map references:

       Europe

      Area:

       total: 93,030 sq km

       water: 690 sq km

       land: 92,340 sq km

      Area - comparative:

       slightly smaller than Indiana

      Land boundaries:

       total: 2,171 km

       border countries: Austria 366 km, Croatia 329 km, Romania 443 km,

       Serbia and Montenegro 151 km, Slovakia 677 km, Slovenia 102 km,

       Ukraine 103 km

      Coastline:

       0 km (landlocked)

      Maritime claims:

       none (landlocked)

      Climate:

       temperate; cold, cloudy, humid winters; warm summers

      Terrain:

       mostly flat to rolling plains; hills and low mountains on the

       Slovakian border

      Elevation extremes:

       lowest point: Tisza River 78 m

       highest point: Kekes 1,014 m

      Natural resources:

       bauxite, coal, natural gas, fertile soils, arable land

      Land use:

       arable land: 52.2%

       other: 45.34% (1998 est.)

       permanent crops: 2.46%

      Irrigated land:

       2,100 sq km (1998 est.)

      Environment - current issues: the approximation of Hungary's standards in waste management, energy efficiency, and air, soil, and water pollution with environmental requirements for EU accession will require large investments

      Environment - international agreements:

       party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air

       Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds,

       Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification,

       Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes,

       Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship

       Pollution, Wetlands

       signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic

       Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Antarctic-Environmental

       Protocol, Law of the Sea

      Geography - note:

       landlocked; strategic location astride main land routes between

       Western Europe and Balkan Peninsula as well as between Ukraine and

       Mediterranean basin; the north-south flowing Duna (Danube) and Tisza

       Rivers divide the country into three large regions

      People Hungary

      Population:

       10,045,407 (July 2003 est.)

      Age structure:

       0–14 years: 16.1% (male 832,033; female 787,336)

       15–64 years: 69% (male 3,406,046; female 3,523,118)

       65 years and over: 14.9% (male 544,099; female 952,775) (2003 est.)

      Median age:

       total: 38.4 years

       male: 35.7 years

       female: 41.1 years (2002)

      Population growth rate:

       −0.29% (2003 est.)

      Birth rate:

       9.32 births/1,000 population (2003 est.)

      Death rate:

       13 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)

      Net migration rate:

       0.78 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.)

      Sex ratio:

       at birth: 1.07 male(s)/female

       under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female

       СКАЧАТЬ