Название: Continuing Korean
Автор: Ross King
Издательство: Ingram
Жанр: Книги о Путешествиях
isbn: 9781462914920
isbn:
Lesson Notes
16.1. Verbs: The -고 Form
16.1.1. How to Make -고 Forms
The -고 form is a one-shape ending like -지 or -겠-; it is the same regardless of whether it comes after a vowel or a consonant. You have already learned it in part when we covered the -고 싶어요 (wants to do) construction (Lesson Nine).
As seen in Lesson Nine, one-shape endings that begin with voiceless consonants (ᄃ,ᄌ,ㅅ,ᄀ) are all attached to bases in much the same way, so that the -고 form is formed very much like the -지 form.
주의
Here are some rules to help you with the pronunciation of gerunds:
a. | Consonant-base verbs like 들- that end in ᄅ change the final consonant to ᄃ before another consonant, and the ᄃ is pronounced as〔ᄀ〕before ᄀ or〔ㅅ〕before ㅅ. | ||
들-,듣다 listen | → | 듣고 〔드꼬〕;듣지〔드찌〕 | |
b. | Bases that end in ㅅ, ᄍ, ㅅ, or ᄎ change their final consonants to an interim ᄃ. | ||
벗- removes | → | 벗고 (→ 벋고) 〔버꼬〕 | |
있- there is | → | 있고 (→ 읻고) 〔이꼬〕 | |
찾- seek | → | 찾고 (→ 찯고) 〔차꼬〕 | |
Naturally, this includes all past-tense gerunds: | |||
-었고 (→ -얻고)〔-어꼬〕 | |||
c. | Consonant bases like 구w- broil that end in w change the w to ᆸ before another consonant: | ||
가까w- be near | → | 가깝고 〔가깝꼬〕 | |
(가까워요) | → | 가깝지 〔가깝찌〕 | |
d. | For bases that end with more than one consonant (other than ㄶ and ᆰ — see Rule f below) you pronounce only one of the consonants when you attach an ending that starts with a consonant. | ||
없- there isn’t | → | 없고 (→ 업-고) 〔업꼬〕 | |
읽- read | → | 읽고 (→ 일-고) 〔일꼬〕 | |
or (→ 익-고) 〔이꼬〕 | |||
e. | Bases that end in ᄆ (including ᆱ), ᄂ, (including ㄵ ), and an ᄅ that is a reduction of a cluster (like ᆰ in read above) double a following voiceless consonant. | ||
신- wear on feet | → | 신고 〔신꼬〕 | |
앉- sit | → | 앉고 (→ 안-고) 〔안꼬〕 | |
젊- be young | → | 젊고 (→ 점-고) 〔점꼬〕 | |
f. | Notice how final - 궁 aspirates the following ᆨ in examples like these: | ||
좋- be good | → | 좋고 〔조코〕 | |
많- be much | → | 많고 〔만코〕 | |
싫- be disliked | → | 싫고 〔실코〕 | |
낳- give birth to | → | 낳고 〔나코〕 | |
g. | The ending -고, like -지,is attached to the EXTENDED bases of L-extending vowel verbs. | ||
파-ᆯ- sell | → | 팔고 |
There are tenseless (plain) -고 forms, made by attaching the ending -고 to the plain base of the verb (가- go: 가고), and past-tense 一고 forms, made by attaching -고 СКАЧАТЬ