Urban and suburban transport intelligent management. Textbook. Vadim Shmal

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СКАЧАТЬ (speed limit, application for work, etc.) will be generated to prevent the transition of this failure in case of a traffic safety violation.

      1.2.2 IoT in auto transport

      An analysis of the use of IoT on various types of transport indicates that this technology has received the greatest development and scaling in the field of motor transport, since the number of motorists exceeds the number of professional pilots, machinists and navigators by an order of magnitude. Based on the use of smartphone data with geolocation connected to a single network, traffic monitoring systems have been built on maps.

      The use of cloud solutions provides:

      – rational distribution and use of transport resources;

      – minimization of the required fleet;

      – reduction of mileage by optimizing routes;

      – reduction of associated costs.

      The applicability of the Internet of Things in the transport industry is considered as follows:

      – as an integral part of the vehicle management system: online monitoring of on-board vehicle systems by a service center to prevent maintenance, remote diagnostics, etc.;

      – allows you to manage traffic and control: devices collect traffic information and send it directly to the devices of drivers who plan their route based on this information;

      – provides new transport scenarios (multimodal transport): the user of a special system will be offered a solution for transportation from point A to B based on all available and suitable vehicles;

      – provide autonomous driving and interaction with infrastructure: the interaction between the vehicle and the environment is carried out by considering road navigation systems that combine the localization of the road and the assessment of the shape of the road. [46]

      The intelligent movement system is based not on the use of local information space, but on the use of cloud distributed space (cloud) or distributed cyberspace with real mobile units.

      The use of cloud technologies allows you to centrally collect a large amount of data in real time:

      – on the state of traffic congestion of the road network;

      – on the parameters of vehicles (the state of the most critical components and aggregates, speed, congestion, etc.);

      – about traffic safety on the route and emergency situations;

      – about the environmental situation and the conditions of movement of vehicles depending on the state of the weather and the forecast of its changes;

      – about the availability, fuel consumption and location of the nearest filling stations. [66]

      For the successful functioning of dispatching and logistics services, the use of the Internet of Things makes it possible to obtain in information systems operational information about the state of transportation with geolocation of vehicles displayed on the map, taking into account restrictions on the movement of certain types of vehicles on highways. [66]

      For drivers, the most obvious application of IoT technology is the use of navigators indicating congestion, for passengers – the use of an interactive screen with a public transport schedule. The main advantage is updating these devices online.

      Optimal driving routes can be found for motorists due to the fact that data on car speeds in specified areas is processed in the cloud service. This leads to time savings for both drivers and passengers. At the same time, it is possible to reduce the risk of accidents, since there will be less congestion of vehicles.

      IoT technologies in the activities of car manufacturers make it possible to significantly improve the work on the release of new models and decision-making on the refinement of existing ones due to the automated collection of a large amount of data on the operation of these vehicles around the world, as well as significantly accelerates the analysis of serial deficiencies. [38] The analysis of the performance of cars and modes of use by drivers of vehicles allows timely release of current software updates, which significantly improves the service provided to consumers.

      The introduction of IoT in road transport will allow optimizing the movement of vehicles through analytical algorithms in the network, each vehicle in which is represented as a separate intellectual object. This is necessary for the construction of a new vehicle communication system and the transition from the organization of traffic through intersections through traffic light regulation to intelligent control using wireless communication channels. An alternative option is the use of IoT for intelligent control of traffic light operating modes and the organization of a «green wave» on a section of the road network based on operational data on the structure and capacity of traffic flows. A feature of the application of the «smart traffic light» is the optimal change in the time of the phases of its switching.

      Special attention is paid to the organization of prompt and unhindered movement of emergency services to the destination, depending on the current traffic situation, the branching of the road network, the construction of the most rational route, the priority of the movement of these services in the organization of traffic light regulation.

      The use of communication between traffic lights reduces fuel consumption and emissions of pollutants into the atmospheric air.

      Thus, the introduction of IoT technologies in the automotive industry allows you to reduce congestion at intersections, total travel time, save fuel, reduce emissions of harmful substances from motor transport, reduce the time of emergency services to their destination, organize parking. [72]

      1.2.2.1 Road safety system

      In the event of an accident, the necessary information about the vehicle, including its exact coordinates, the time of the accident, damage data is automatically transmitted to the server center of the monitoring system and will allow for prompt notification and response of the involved services. [46]

      Another direction of IoT implementation is warning about potential dangers on the road and timely detection of deviations of vehicle parameters from regulatory values in order to prevent the occurrence of road accidents and carry out appropriate measures to manage a dangerous failure.

      The use of IoT is also aimed at increasing the active safety of cars through the use of intelligent transport systems in operation:

      – registration of vehicle movement parameters;

      – registration of parameters of road accidents;

      – lane departure warnings (LDWS);

      – tire air pressure monitoring;

      – monitoring of the driver’s condition.

      Thus, work is underway to build an IoT ecosystem to improve road safety. In addition to intelligent brake control support, an important factor is monitoring the condition of car tires online, since uneven wear and changes in the parameters of the interaction of wheels with the road surface depend on the actual tire pressure.

      The construction of a cloud system will ensure that information about a significant СКАЧАТЬ