The Performance Mindset. Anthony J. Klarica

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       lack of access to programs

       negative experiences

       lack or loss of enjoyment

       low or diminished peer relationships in the sport

       dejection from not being selected into talent pathways or programs

       personal or behavioural challenges that arise from maintaining a sporting lifestyle and feeling they are ‘missing out’ compared to non‐sport peers

       perceived lack of success or not valuing performance in the sport

       choosing and preferring to spend time doing something else.

Certainly, there's nothing wrong with leaving a sport to pursue other interests. It is a choice many people happily make. However, two questions should be considered. First, are they leaving their sport with positive, enduring experiences, relationships and memories? Secondly, if they were managed differently, or were introduced to mindset education, might they have chosen to remain in the sport for further enjoyment or to realise further potential? Both questions should be considered by people in sport development roles. Working with athletes on these questions aids a smooth transition away from sport, if that is the choice they make, rather than leaving them with regrets. Not being selected for a squad or team may be another reason athletes leave a sport. The key is that they can appreciate, recognise and take away positive experiences and can benefit from having been involved.

Tough transition

      In my experience of working with athletes in both individual and team sports, dealing with transition is a challenge to sustaining performance, as well as to staying in a sport. Transition is associated with new demands, including developing new relationships with coaches and support staff, new competitors or new teammates, and adjusting to different cultures in different squads, programs and teams. These can be confronting for young people as well as experienced athletes.

      One aspect of transition is the shift to becoming more ‘serious’ as athletes progress through different levels. This seriousness includes a greater emphasis on strategy and plans, compared with simpler plans that enable greater emphasis on technique, relaxation, effort and enjoyment. Higher levels of critique and more complex feedback can also impact athletes transitioning into new, more advanced or different teams or environments. They are often associated with greater demands, both emotional and on their time, as well as higher expectations. Transition must be managed well if a person wants to become a serious athlete, and this means managing mindset.

       Research insights

      A recent study concluded that the performance of 15‐year‐olds did not correlate with becoming a professional road cyclist. From age 17 onwards, performance started to predict future success. A top 10 performance in under 17 and under 19 was associated with a 3 to 5 per cent and 6 per cent higher chance of reaching elite level as an adult. Transition to a new competition category was a variable found to negatively impact performance of future ‘non‐achievers’.¹⁶

McDonald's to Olympics

      Canadian high jumper Nicole Forrester competed at the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. Her athletic career began after a chance meeting with track coach Dave Hunt, who dropped into McDonald's while Forrester was working there as a 17‐year‐old. Nicole grew up in a small town of about 800 people, where her focus was on study and physical activities, rather than specialising in a sport. After speaking with her while being served and noting her interest and high‐jump physique, Hunt referred her to the high‐jump coach Carl Georgevski at the University of Toronto.

      Nicole has attributed her ‘quick progression in the high jump to the various sports I played growing up … Had I specialized in my sport at an earlier age, I doubt I would have lasted for as long as I did or had the same level of success’.¹⁷ Three years after meeting Georgevski she represented Canada at the 1997 World University Games in Italy. However, it took a further 11 years of commitment before she reached her goal of being an Olympic athlete in 2008. In 2010 she won gold at the Commonwealth Games in India. Her account reinforces the major role played by mindset in enabling her to transition from McDonald's to the Olympics. It also reminds us that the training of a junior athlete need not all be specialised.

      Nicole later completed a PhD in Sport Psychology with a dissertation titled ‘Good to great in elite athletes: towards an understanding of why some athletes make the leap and others do not’.¹⁸ Nicole has commented that ‘becoming an Olympian requires a mixture of important ingredients that may vary according to the sport and the individual athlete. Ultimately for many, the path is navigated through deliberate play and the involvement in various sports, developed through a commitment of deliberate practice, reinforced by support, resources, motivation and effort’.

Maintaining discipline

      So many variables behind the scenes need to be managed to enable an athlete to shine. Maintaining focus and discipline, and performing in unusual and challenging circumstances with minimal support are common components of the sporting journey that the public doesn't see. To achieve sporting ambitions, an incredible resolve and intrinsic drive are necessary staples from an early age.

      Nicole's first competition was at the World University Games in Sicily in 1997. I attended the Games with the Australian team as a psychologist. Before departure for Italy, the team assembled at a hotel beside Sydney airport, where athletes and staff sat through formalities and listened to well‐wishing guest speakers. It was here I heard one of the shortest and best speeches at any official ceremony that I've attended. I don't recall who the speaker was, but the substance of the speech was burned into my memory. It went along these lines: ‘Congratulations for making your national team. Keep in mind that if you perform well, you may not even be noted in the one‐line sports results section at the back of the newspaper. However, if you make one personal mistake you will be on the front page of every newspaper in Australia.’

      It was a sobering lesson. An elite sportsperson must not only perform, but also uphold behavioural standards when representing a squad, team, state or country. It is another ingredient that must be managed to assist development and performance. To become or to remain an elite athlete requires both training discipline and personal and behavioural discipline. It reflects the necessity to deal with scrutiny on performance and non‐performance areas.

At the Games, the accommodation was in a hotel complex guarded by armed military. There were not enough beds when the team arrived, and buses and other transport to training and events were constantly late. On top of that, several athletes and staff became unwell and were restricted to their small rooms. Many competitors had to work with unfamiliar coaches and support staff. For most athletes the trip was either fully or partly self‐funded. There were other challenges that were generally to be expected for such a large international sporting competition, including disorganised training spaces or facilities, traffic getting to and from venues, and language barriers. None of this is to say that it was not a tremendous experience. It was a fantastic trip, and a privilege to work with a great team. I mean only to illustrate the kinds of demands made on athletes striving to apply their craft at many sporting competitions, even before the competition begins.

Environments that help performance

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