Introduction to Nanoscience and Nanotechnology. Chris Binns
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Название: Introduction to Nanoscience and Nanotechnology

Автор: Chris Binns

Издательство: John Wiley & Sons Limited

Жанр: Отраслевые издания

Серия:

isbn: 9781119172253

isbn:

СКАЧАТЬ atoms are at a grain boundary. Clearly, this change is going to have a marked effect on the mechanical properties of the material. Changes in mechanical properties with grain size were quantified over 50 years ago by Hall and Petch [12, 13], but the modern ability to control the grain size right down to the nanometer scale can produce significant increases in performance.

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      Source: Reproduced with permission from Integran Technologies Inc. (http://www.integran.com).

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      Source: Reproduced with the permission of Elsevier Science from K. M. Youssef et al. [14].

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      Source: Reproduced with the permission of Elsevier Science from N. Lopez et al. [16].

      Chapter 8 deals in detail with nanoparticles interacting with living systems, and the introduction described types of nanoparticles that could be used for treating cancer (see Figure I.5). In this section, just one type of application will be considered where size is important and that is nanoparticles, mostly silver, interacting with bacteria and viruses, which has become an increasingly important area for medical research. It has been known for some time that silver is highly toxic to a wide range of bacteria, and silver‐based compounds have been used extensively in bactericidal applications. This property of silver has caused great interest especially as new antibiotic‐resistant strains have become a serious problem in public health. For example, in 2017, such bacteria killed more than 35 000 people in the United States alone [17] and any method of attacking them, not involving normal antibiotics, is becoming increasingly important.

      Before the discovery of antibiotics, silver was used as an antiseptic in the treatment of open wounds and burns. The highly reactive СКАЧАТЬ