The Complete Guide to Drawing for Beginners. Yoshiko Ogura

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СКАЧАТЬ segment connecting two vertices that are not on the

       same plane.

      Dominant Eye The eye that is used primarily for sight.

       The non-dominant eye plays a supporting role in cor-

      recting focus and comprehending depth perception. To

       determine your dominant eye, hold an index finger out

       while you focus on a distant object. Move your finger

       to cover the distant object, and then close one eye at a

       time. The eye that still sees the distant object as being

       covered up is the dominant one.

      Eye level The vantage point of the viewer. When dis-

      cussing perspective, it refers to the level of the vanishing

       point. See page 56.

      Focus In drawing, it is the part of the image in the fore-

      ground that commands attention and draws the eye.

      Form The shape of an object or group of assembled

       objects. See page 30.

      Free-hand Drawing without the use of tools such as

       a ruler or French curve. This book focuses on freehand

       drawing instruction.

      Golden ratio A ratio expressed as 1:1.618 in geometry,

       which is the basis of the “golden rectangle,” an aesthet-

      ically pleasing shape that has been used in many famous

       artworks, such as Leonardo da Vinci’s “Mona Lisa.”

      Gradation Gradual changes from one shade, color or

       texture to another.

      Highlight The location or locations on an object where

       the most light is reflected to the viewer’s eye. If the

       object is polished, the highlight will be sharply defined.

       If the object is textured, the highlight will be diffuse.

      Inherent color The actual color of the surface of a given

       object, unrelated to the intensity of the lighting.

      Intersection The vertex where the edge of two planes

       of a three-dimensional shape meet. Understanding of

       planes and vertices is the basis of drawing. See page 38.

      Light source The natural or artificial point or points

       from which light is directed toward an object. In draw-

      ing, it is important to determine the light source, and

       understand how it affects shading, highlights and shad-

      ows. See page 8.

      Low Angle Observing the object to be drawn from a

       low vantage point.

      Masking tape Low-tack painter’s tape useful for

       recording the position of an object that is likely to be

       moved before the drawing is completed.

      Mass A sense of volume and weight achieved through

       careful attention given to emulating an object’s obser-

      vable characteristics.

      Measuring stick Any thin rod used to visually measuring

       an object. Most artists use their handy pencil to mea-

      sure. See page 30.

      Natural light Light from the sun.

      Object The subject of your drawing.

      Outline A line that represents the border between

       objects and space. Outlines in the foreground tend to be

       heavier and sharper, while outlines in the background

       tend to be lighter and fuzzier.

      8

      Pencil pressure The pressure applied to the tip of a

       pencil when drawing. A wide range of expression can be

       realized by varying the pressure as you draw.

      Perspective A method of visually expressing a three-di-

      mensional space on a two-dimensional plane, thereby

       creating the illusion of depth. Generally, one-point

       perspective (page 57) is the most familiar. It is used to illustrate the implied distance from an object’s front to its back. One-point perspective, two-point perspective and three-point perspective respectively increase the sophistication and realism of drawings. Perspective is widely used not only in drawing but also in various other fields of visual expression (construction, animation, cartooning, illustration, etc.).

      One-point perspective A technique for depicting

       depth where lines converge toward a single vanish-

      ing point. See page 57.

      Two-point perspective A technique for depicting

       depth where lines converge toward two vanishing

       points. See page 57.

      Three-point perspective A technique for depicting

       depth where lines converge toward three vanishing

       points. See page 57.

      Plaster statue A three-dimensional plaster model. Be-

      cause the model is completely white with easy to

       understand contours, it is often used as an object for

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