M16/M4 Handbook. Erik Lawrence
Чтение книги онлайн.
Читать онлайн книгу M16/M4 Handbook - Erik Lawrence страница 3
Название: M16/M4 Handbook
Автор: Erik Lawrence
Издательство: Ingram
Жанр: Учебная литература
isbn: 9781941998465
isbn:
A.Gravity acts on a bullet only during the horizontal component of its flight (the distance from the shooter to the target measured as if they were both at the same level). Since the horizontal component will always be less than the slanted range, gravity will not pull the bullet down as far as it would if the range were level.
B.The complicating factor in shooting uphill or downhill is that the wind will affect the shot over the entire slant range. The correct method for shooting uphill or downhill is to adjust elevation based on the horizontal range, and correct for wind deflection based on the slanted range.
EXAMPLE
Shooter is 300m (984ft) up the side of a ridgeline and wants to engage a target at the base of that ridge with a horizontal distance of 50m. The target’s actual distance from the shooter is slightly over 305m. Shoot the point of aim as though the target is at 50m, using wind calls for a 300m shot. See figure 3-1 for an example.
Figure 3-1
CHANGING LIGHT CONDITIONS
Bright, sunny day vs. cloudy or overcast day, sun in different positions (may affect the zero of the weapon because of the change in the shooter’s perception of the target. This is less of a factor with a red dot sight than with iron sights.) On bright days, shooters tend to hit low, and on cloudy days, they tend to hit high. An easy-to-remember phrase is “lights up, sights up; lights down, sights down.”
CANT OF THE WEAPON (close range vs. long range)
If you cant the weapon while firing (around obstacles or under a vehicle, etc.), you will move the strike of the bullet in the direction of the cant and low (i.e., cant the weapon to the right – the round strikes low and right). This is because when you cant the weapon, the windage becomes the elevation, and the elevation the windage. At close range, it will only be the difference between line of sight and line of bore, but at distance, you will have to adjust for bullet drop as well. At 100m with your rifle canted 90 degrees to the left, you can expect the strike of the round to be 4”-6” left and 4”-6” low. At 100m canted left, aim at the right shoulder. Try not canting your weapon unless you have to, but if necessary, hold in the opposite direction and high.
FREE-FLOATED BARRELS
These are guns, usually sniper systems, or Special Operations Peculiar Modifications on M4A1 carbines, where the barrel does not touch anything but the point where it is screwed into the receiver. This will give it consistent barrel harmonics and tremendous accuracy. The barrel flexes when the rifle fires, and if the rifle is not free floated, it will not flex consistently. If you rest your handguards on a wall or barricade, that will mitigate much of the problem. If you rest the actual barrel of your M4 on a wall, fence, or object of some type, the strike of the round will be high about 12”-16” at 100m. If you are leaning down on it, you can double that at 100m. Keep your barrel off of objects if at all possible. It will throw your rounds off dramatically.
NOTE
Try not to cant your weapon unless you have to, but if necessary, hold in the opposite direction and high (i.e., at 200m leaning 90 degrees to the left, hold on the right shoulder of an E-type silhouette target or enemy).
Zeros created with ballistic computer for M4/M855 with 2.5” sight height (height of EOTech on rail) have been rounded for ease of use. They will vary with different sight heights. Example: ACOG mounted on rail will have a slightly flatter trajectory vs mounted on the carrying handle, but wind deviations will remain the same for both.
- 25m and 300m / 50m and 165m / 100m and 80m / 200m and 40m
CHAPTER 4
LOADING SEQUENCE
Every time a Marine or Soldier loads his rifle, it should be done in the same manner. This action will ensure not only that the rifle is properly loaded, but also that all the accessories are in proper working order and properly adjusted.
MAGAZINES
The magazines were designed to hold 30 rounds reliably, and modern good-quality magazines will. The only drawback to loading 30 is that they may be a little harder to load into the weapon when the bolt is forward. Standard magazines will accept 31 rounds, but there is not enough travel in the spring to allow you to load it into the rifle, and if you do hammer it in, it will cause a failure-to-feed malfunction on the first shot because the pressure against the bottom side of the bolt carrier slows the cycling of the weapon too much. Never “upgrade” a magazine and carry it operationally without test firing it. Magpul followers are a good addition, but the standard green mil-spec follower has worked well for years. NOTE- Magpul base plates cause you to lose between 1 and 2 rounds of capacity. Magazine problems are usually caused by feed lips separating or a weak spring in a worn-out magazine. To check a magazine for serviceability, load about 12-18 rounds into a magazine, and strike it against your palm; if a round pops out, the magazine is unserviceable and will be prone to double feeds. Repeat this with a round on the opposite-side feed lip.
NOTE
When a magazine is bad, render it obviously unserviceable, and get a new one. Don’t DX/exchange it in a condition where it could be reissued and get someone killed!
PREPARE FOR FIRING
Before a Marine or Soldier goes to the range or leaves on a mission, he should always conduct his pre-combat checks (PCC) and pre-combat inspections (PCI). These should include: inspect/run a patch through the bore, ensure the rifle is properly lubricated, check the sling and all the accessories for serviceability and tightness, check that optics are clean/clear, and have batteries as necessary (always have spare batteries). Once that check is completed, you are ready to initiate movement. At the time you are given the command to load, the following steps should take place:
1.Remove a magazine from a pouch or pocket. Ensure it is fully loaded and that the top round is on the right side. (Even-numbered rounds, i.e., 28 or 30, are on the right side of the feed lips. If you load 29, notice that your top round is always on the left).
2.Place the magazine in the well until it clicks, and pull down to insure it is properly seated.
3.Pull the charging handle straight to the rear and allow the hand to slip off as it reaches the rearmost range of travel.
4.Remove the magazine and check that the top round is now on the opposite side. At night this check can be done by feel, so it is important to know whether you carry mags with odd or even numbers of rounds, i.e., 28 or 30.
5.Place the magazine back in the well until it clicks, and pull down to insure it is properly seated.
6.Hit the forward assist to insure the bolt and carrier are fully into battery.
7.Close the dust cover.
8.Check that the optic is tight, clean/clear, and turned on at the proper setting for ambient light.
Конец ознакомительного фрагмента.
Текст предоставлен ООО «ЛитРес».
Прочитайте СКАЧАТЬ