The Changing Face of Sex. Wayne P. Anderson PhD

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СКАЧАТЬ we label the odors pheromones.

      Despite the fact his background in sexual aberrations was deep and that he had written the book primarily for physicians, Psychopathia Sexualis was one of the main vehicles for spreading the doctrine of sex as a disease.

      Krafft-Ebing took the stance that it was normal for a young couple to fall in love,get married and in the early days of the marriage have occasional sex, mainly to have children. The sex he expects in a normal marriage is penis in vagina in missionary position. In his works he does not indicate any other sexual behavior that he has any sympathy for.

      His book is loaded with case studies of fetishes, homosexuality, sadism and masochism. Although his work is treated as scientific, it is filled with examples of hereditary factors and moral degeneracy as precursors of abnormal behavior. The descriptions of the various sexual aberrations are detailed, and I suspect for many of us repugnant. On the other hand, it is certainly a great introduction and desensitization for therapists in training who may have to work with sadists and sexual torturers.

      He is another of the “experts” of the period pushing masturbation as the beginning of abnormal sexual behavior and various health problems. He espouses certain behaviors as facts, such as masturbation, and where many pathologies start—similar to what was told to us by the coach in my seventh grade gym class as a warning against doing it. In Krafft-Ebing’s view, even energetic love play may lead to dire consequences. The simple tussling and the gentle love bite, if not contained, could lead to lust murder.

      Even clothing was anti-sexual.

      Along with the culture’s choosing ignorance as the best policy in dealing with women’s sexuality was the clothing of the time that was restraining, giving a false image of what an uncovered female body looked like and preventing any exposure of body parts, even the ankle. The central item was a tight corset that caused some women to faint easily and gave pregnant women problems. The corset was combined with a high neckline and many layers of undergarments and skirts that dragged on the floor.They certainly were not the kind of clothes that made for casual sex.

      All of this is not to say that some couples had not discovered how to have a satisfying sex life for both members of the couple. There were women who were orgasmic and enjoyed sex; forms of birth control were available and used particularly by the upper classes. But fear and ignorance were the reining forces of the day for a large number of women.

      The over-control of information about birth control contributed to the fears of women about pregnancy, particularly lower class women who did not have access to this information. Having one child after another led many to resist or resent sex. Pregnancy was dangerous with a high death rate, especially if the woman went to the hospital to deliver, and even more dangerous if she attempted an abortion.

      Given the level of ignorance about sex and women’s orgasms or lack thereof and the support of this ignorance by those who formed and supported cultural norms, what happened that finally allowed most women to discover their sexuality?

      Henry Havelock Ellis steps into the melee.

      It turns out it was a long battle with strong legal action being taken against those who joined the battle on the side of open information about sexual matters.One of the first of these was a British physician, Henry Havelock Ellis. He states that at the age of 16 he decided his lifework would be to explore human sexuality. Although he was not really interested in medicine as such, he felt that being a doctor would give him the credentials to explore and write about the subject.

      He felt Krafft-Ebing’s work dealt only with the abnormal except for a few pages on normal sex in the introduction, and Ellis wanted to explore normal sexuality. In a sense he set out to do what Alfred Kinsey did more completely years later.

      Ellis believed that much of the information being distributed was wrong and did not reflect the true nature of what real people did. For example, he had masturbated and had many nocturnal emissions at a time when this was supposed to cause horrible consequences such as mental degeneration. As he was not showing any of the symptoms, he set out to learn the truth. He graduated from medical school in 1889 and began to practice midwifery.

      He did not enjoy sexual relations with his wife, but claimed to love her passionately and speaks of her as a great support in life, especially when he was in trouble with the legal system for his work. He did, however, have a series of affairs including one with Margaret Sanger, and he was quite aware of women’s capacity for orgasm. One of Ellis’ lovers, who turned out to be highly orgasmic with him, reported that neither of her husbands had aroused her sexually (one French, one Russian) or even tried to. “She had never seen either one of them naked; they had merely evacuated their semen into her vagina in the dark and fallen asleep.”

      Ellis’s first book was written with John Addington Symonds on sexual inversion (homosexuality) with much of the information provided by Symonds. The book emphasized that homosexuality was a normal innate variation of behavior that should be tolerated as such. The book was published first in German, but Ellis had trouble finding an English publisher who would take on the task. When the book was published in English in 1897, Ellis immediately got into trouble and a bookseller was arrested.

      The legal phraseology of the time is interesting and loaded with moral judgments. The accusation read that the seller was guilty “of having unlawfully and wickedly published and sold, and caused to be procured and to be sold, a wicked, bawdy, and scandalous, and obscene book called Studies in the Psychology of Sex, Vol. 1, Sexual Inversion, intending to vitiate and corrupt the morals of the liege subjects of our Lady the Queen, to debauch and poison the minds of divers of the liege subjects of our said Lady the Queen, and to raise and create in them lustful desires, and to bring the liege subjects into a state of wickedness, lewdness, and debauchery.”

      A defense team was put together to defend the bookseller, but at the last moment the seller took a plea of guilty. The judge subjected him to a short lecture that I think is indicative of the difficulty of advancing the science of human sexuality at that time.

      “You have pleaded guilty, and you have acted wisely in so pleading, for it would have been impossible for you to have contended with any possibility whatever of being able to persuade anybody to believe that this book, this lecture, and this magazine were not filthy and obscene. . . . I am willing to believe that in acting as you did, you might at the first outset perhaps have been gulled into the belief that somebody might say that this was a scientific work. But it is impossible for anybody with a head on his shoulders to open the book without seeing that it is a pretence and a sham, and that it is merely entered into for the purpose of selling this obscene publication. . . .The result will be this— that so long as you do not touch this filthy work again with your hands and so long as you lead a respectable life you will hear no more of this. But if you choose to go back to your evil ways, you will be brought back before me, and it will be my duty to send you to prison for a very long term.”

      The bookseller changed his name and went to live abroad. The family of Ellis’s co-author, Symonds, bought up the German edition and destroyed the books. Ellis had it reissued with only his name on it and vowed to continue to fight for freedom of speech. He got that book and another published in America with the proviso that they be sold only to physicians and college professors.

      In the second book Ellis argued that women were as much sexual beings as men and they should enjoy sexual intercourse. In addition Ellis favored birth control for women to allow them control over their body and sexual activities. Ellis went on to write seven volumes in the Studies in Sex series, which were until 1935 still limited in terms of who could buy them. The copies on my shelves were published in the 1940s.

      Ellis СКАЧАТЬ