Russian-Danish Students Conference in Copenhagen. November – December 2018. Bjørnø Irina

Чтение книги онлайн.

СКАЧАТЬ of the Faroese autonomy, the principle of separation of powers is laid. The executive functions are concentrated in the government, to which all the administrative autonomy bodies subordinated. The Government of the Faroe Islands consists of a Prime Minister and at least two ministers. The Prime Minister determines the number of ministers and their functional orientation.

      The prime minister is the key person in the political mechanism for the autonomy of the Faroe Islands. The Prime Minister is appointed by the Parliament.

      The result of the broad competence of the Faroe Islands in various spheres of public life was the formation of its financial autonomy. In accordance with the current legislation, the Faroes have their own currency, customs, tax and excise territory. This allows them not only to form own customs tariff and carry out independent taxation as well as the collection of excises, but also to issue own currency – Faroese krone, which is equated to the Danish krone.

      The main source of income for the Faroe Islands is the tax and value added tax. In addition, a significant portion of the budget generated by licenses granted to foreign companies to fish in the economic zone of the Faroe Islands. In order to attract foreign investment, unlike Denmark, there is no property tax on the islands. In 2010, the budget of the Faroe Islands was about $ 600 million.

      The main link representing the central government of Denmark at the level of autonomy is the institution of the High Commissioner of the Royal Power. It obeys the Prime Minister of Denmark and performs almost exclusively an observational function. In particular, it participates in a meeting of the Faroese Parliament with the right to speak, is involved in negotiations between the governments of the Faroe Islands and Denmark and informs the Government of Denmark about the adoption by the Parliament of the Faroe Islands of laws and government acts. The High Commissioner also provides elections to the Danish Parliament and nationwide referendums in the Faroe Islands, participates in arranging visits to the Faroe Islands of the royal family, members of the Danish parliament and government, and prepares annual reports on the situation in the autonomy.

      According to the Act on the Self-Government of the Faroe Islands, the responsibility for international relations lies with the central government of Denmark. International treaties concluded by Denmark without reservation for the Faroe Islands, automatically extend their effect to the Faroe Islands. What often becomes another reason for separatist sentiment? In particular, the signing of Denmark in 1994. The World Trade Organization Agreement provides that the Faeroes, as an integral part of the Kingdom of Denmark, enjoy the rights and responsibilities that apply to Denmark as a whole. As a result, the norms of the WTO agreement incorporated into the domestic legislation of the Faroe Islands. On the other hand, the Danish government, when signing relevant international agreements, may provide for reservations about the Faroe Islands. Thus, upon Denmark’s accession to the European Union in 1973, the relevant accession agreement contained a special warning on the Faroe Islands, which were the result of a referendum held in 1972 on the Faeroes. Because of this, the Faroese autonomy is not part of the EU and is not covered by it, for example, the EU quota system for fishing. Faroes independently conclude agreements on fishing quotas within their exclusive economic zone [9].

      Under such conditions, the basic guarantees of the existence of the autonomy of the Faroe Islands are in the political sphere. The political and legal regime of the Kingdom of Denmark, based on the principles of separation of powers, the division of issues of local and national importance, democracy, political and ideological diversity, the completeness and guarantee of basic human rights and freedoms, the independence of self-government bodies within their powers etc. are a reliable guarantee of the irreversibility of the status of the Faeroe’s autonomy. Under such conditions, it seems that the level of autonomy obtained cannot be removed unilaterally, because this will be considered as a violation of the rights and freedoms.

      Conclusion

      The analysis of the development of the autonomy of the Faroe Islands suggests that it arose because of the growth of separatism and due to tolerance on the part of Denmark. The peace has been preserving thanks to the creation of sufficiently effective mechanisms of public administration in this territorial unit of Denmark. The fact that unionists and separatists quite peacefully and in a businesslike manner form such a “left-liberal” coalition at the level of the island region is a rather interesting thing. Moreover, it definitely shows that the question of the early separation from Denmark from Farer hardly stands in the foreground.

      Therefore, it remains a mystery what for the Faroe Islands is more important: the pride or well-being of its citizens? We will not get an answer to this question soon, but the real strength of the supporters of independence (even with all their ideological and political multicolor) is beyond doubt. Therefore, it is not possible to speak about any predetermination in this Faroese case.

      Bibliography

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      – Debes Н. The formation of a Nation: The Faroe Islands / Н. Debes // Ethnicity and Nation Building in the Nordic World [Text]. – London, 1995. – P. 58—71.

      – Gordonh David, ed. Secession, State, and Liberty [Text]. – London, 2002. – 334 p.

      – Jan E. The Paradox of Federalism: Does Self-Rule Accommodate or Exacerbate Ethnic Divisions? [Internet source] / E. Jan, A. Lawrence. – Accessed: https://bit.ly/2A506yD

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      – West John F. The History of the Faroe Islands, 1709- 1816 [Text] / John F. West. – København: CA Reitzel, 1985. – 312 p.

      – Wylie J. The Faroe Islands Interpretations of History [Text] / J. Wylie. – Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1987. – 196 p.

      – Føroyar – The Faroe Islands. The official gateway to the Faroe Islands [Internet source]. Retrieved from: https://www.faroeislands.fo (Accessed date: 14.09.2018).

      DANISH PEACEMAKING

      Adelina Antipova, 3^rd year student of the faculty of Management and economics, Institute of World Civilizations, Moscow

      Abstract: This article describes one of the key aspects of Denmark’s foreign policy – supporting relations with other states as an independent sovereign state. The task to go over the influence of international peacekeeping on the state itself and its position in the European Union is considered to be the beginning of the policy the Danish kingdom nowadays. The article presents the main provisions on the topic based on the analysis of literature and Internet sources.

      Keywords: Denmark, UN, NATO, foreign policy, international peacekeeping, unitary state, Europe, military personnel, operations, Danish peacekeeping, “blue helmets”.

      Introduction

СКАЧАТЬ