Russian-Danish Students Conference in Copenhagen. November – December 2018. Bjørnø Irina

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СКАЧАТЬ of the Faroe Islands. With a slight margin of 161 votes (48.7% against 47.2%), the advantage was gained by supporters of the independence. According to the results of the poll, by 12 votes to 11, Lögting announced the withdrawal of the islands from Denmark. At the same time, the third largest island of the archipelago, Suduroy, announced that it remains part of Denmark.

      Over the time, due to the incomplete legitimacy of this decision, which was not taken by the absolute majority, the King of Denmark dissolved the Faroese Parliament, and the majority of the new Lögting staff opposed the separation from Denmark. The parliamentary delegation of the Faroe Islands was invited to Copenhagen, and after lengthy negotiations on March 23, 1948, the Faroe Islands received the status of a “self-governing national community within the Kingdom of Denmark”, which was the result of a pragmatic compromise between the two sides [5].

      In 1973, Denmark joined the EU, but the Faroe Islands refused to do the same. Since 1984, the Faroe Islands have been declared a non-nuclear country, although a number of military bases of Denmark and NATO are located on the archipelago.

      The Danish Constitution of 1953 does not contain a reference to the autonomous status of the Faroe Islands. The act of autonomy of the Faroe Islands adopted in 1948 in the form of the Danish law, that is, the system of public authority on the islands based on ordinary rather than constitutional legislation, and autonomy authority is a consequence of donation from the central government. The Danish parliament has in fact the right at any time to change the act of self-government without the consent of autonomies. However, it is widely believed that the Faroe Islands Autonomy Act of 1948 is not an ordinary law, but it acts as a treaty between the Faroese Lögting and the Danish parliament, and then it can be canceled unilaterally.

      Currently, the legal framework for the functioning of autonomy and its bodies includes the following laws of the Kingdom of Denmark:

      – Act of Autonomy of the Faroe Islands of March 31, 1948;

      – The Act on the Organization of Public Power in the Faroe Islands of July 26, 1995;

      – Act on the spheres of responsibility of the authorities of the Faroe Islands of 12 May 2005;

      – The Act on the Powers of the Government of the Faroe Islands in the Field of International Activities of 14 May 2005.

      These documents identify the subjects of the Faroese autonomy, implemented directly by residents, by the representative and executive authorities of the Faroe Islands and their officials. The subjects of autonomy of the Faroe Islands were determined through a conciliation procedure between the central government of Denmark and autonomous bodies, which lasted almost 50 years. As far back as in 1948, the act of self-government of the Faroe Islands laid down by the norm, the subjects of autonomy of the Faroe Islands are divided into two types, included in accordance with the list of A and B.

      According to the plan of the legislators, the powers of group A transferred to the Faroes at once; however, if the latter were not able to finance all expenses for the adoption and implementation of a particular sphere, then they were transferred to the authorities of the Faroe Islands later to their application. Among the issues mentioned there were the following:

      – organization of elections to the Parliament of the Faroe Islands;

      – organization of work of the Parliament of the Faroe Islands;

      – the formation and organization of the work of the government of the Faroe Islands;

      – the functioning of the service in the bodies of autonomy;

      – organization of municipal government;

      – organization of public works;

      – fire and rescue services;

      – local development planning;

      – housing policy and registration of property rights;

      – organization of health care;

      – social insurance, social assistance and guardianship;

      – labour organization;

      – local taxation and budgeting;

      – education, including higher education;

      – organization of archival, museum, library business;

      – protection of the natural and architectural environment;

      – a system of transport and communications, including postal and telephone communication;

      – all issues of agriculture and forestry, hunting and fishing, veterinary affairs;

      – use of toxic items, explosives and weapons;

      – organization and licensing of the sphere of trade, production and services.

      Issues of category B included areas that could be delegated to the authorities of the Faroe Islands in whole or in part only after the relevant consent of the Government of Denmark. In fact, all the public issues on which during the negotiations in 1948 the delegation of the Faroe Islands did not find their consent with the state authorities and entered the list B. At the time of the adoption of the Act of Autonomy of the Faroe Islands, they were:

      – church affairs;

      – police;

      – radio communication;

      – aviation communication;

      – use of subsoil and other natural resources;

      – land fund;

      – Immigration and customs control.

      Currently, all issues from this list are under the authority of the autonomy, although the transfer was of a lengthy nature. In particular, the use of subsoil and other natural resources transferred to the Faroe Islands only in 1992. Calling for this numerous conflicts between the central government and autonomous bodies, and the issue of immigration control – in 2005 [6].

      Located in the Northeast Atlantic, the Faroe Islands comprise 18 small islands, characterized by steep cliffs, tall mountains, narrow fjords – and a population of 50.000.

      The Faroese language derives from Old Norse, which was spoken by the Norsemen who settled the islands 1200 years ago.

      Through the centuries, the Faroese have defied the harsh nature and living conditions. Enduring today is a nation in which the living standard is one of the highest in the world. A highly industrial economy mainly based on fisheries and aquaculture continues to flourish, while a Nordic welfare model ensures everyone the opportunity to explore his or her own potential. Faroese maritime expertise is widely renowned and the Faroe Islands export seafood to all six continents.

      Centuries of relative isolation have resulted in the preservation of ancient traditions that to this day shape life in the Faroe Islands. The unique mixture of traditional and modern culture characterizes the Faroese society, constituting a strong sense of local community and an active outlook as a globalized Nordic nation СКАЧАТЬ