1000 Monuments of Genius. Christopher E.M. Pearson

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      60. Mimar Koca Sinan ibn Abd al-Mannan, also known as Sinan, Mosque of Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent, Istanbul, 1550–1558 (Turkey)

      This spectacular mosque, which occupies a prominent location near the harbor, is only one part of a larger religious complex featuring a cemetery, madrasas, shops, a caravanserai and many social services. Typical in many respects of Ottoman religious buildings, it is one of the masterworks of the architect and engineer Koca Sinan (c. 1490–1588). Though Sinan was not Muslim by birth, he was trained as a Janissary and served as the official court architect to the Sultans of Constantinople for half a century. The mosque was visibly inspired by the nearby Byzantine church of Hagia Sophia (532–537), which had been converted into a mosque after the Muslim conquest of 1453. Following its prototype, the great prayer hall of the mosque is covered by a large dome and buttressed by two lower, half-domed spaces, though Sinan’s plan simplifies and streamlines that of the earlier building. Four needle-sharp minarets rise at the corners. The mosque is preceded by a large arcaded courtyard, while Suleiman is buried in an octagonal mausoleum in the cemetery behind. Sinan kept a modest residence for himself at the northern corner of the site.

      61. Sedefkar Mehmet Aga, Mosque of Sultan Ahmed, also known as The Blue Mosque, Istanbul, 1609–1617 (Turkey)

      62. Sultan Qansuh al-Ghuri Caravanserai, Cairo, 1504–1505 (Egypt)

      63. Mimar Koca Sinan ibn Abd al-Mannan, also known as Sinan, The Selimiye Mosque, Edirne, 1568–1574 (Turkey)

      64. Mimar Koca Sinan ibn Abd al-Mannan, also known as Sinan, Shehzade Mosque, Istanbul, 1545–1548 (Turkey)

      65. Nuruosmaniye Mosque, Istanbul, 1748–1755 (Turkey)

      66. Shah Mosque, Isfahan, begun in 1611 (Iran)

      67. Tower Houses, Sana’a, 8th-19th century (Yemen)

      68. Sir Herbert Baker, Union Buildings, Pretoria, 1910–1913 (South Africa)

      69. Hassan Fathy, New Gourna, near Luxor, 1948 and later (Egypt)

      70. Fareed El-Shafei, Mausoleum of the Aga Khan, Aswan, 1959 (Egypt)

      71. Arthur Erickson, Etisalat Tower, Dubai, 1986 (United Arab Emirates)

      72. Henning Larsen, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Riyadh, 1982–1984 (Saudi Arabia)

      73. Michel Pinseau, Hassan II Mosque, Casablanca, 1986–1993 (Morocco)

      74. Snøhetta, Bibliotheca Alexandrina, Alexandria, 1995–2002 (Egypt)

      This great new library, repository of knowledge for researchers from Egypt and neighbouring Islamic countries, deliberately recalls the illustrious precedent of the Library of Alexandria, which was utterly destroyed in ancient times. In 1974, the University of Alexandria decided to build its library on a site close to where the original building once stood. An international effort spearheaded by Egyptian President Hosni Mubarek and supported by UNESCO was launched, and a design competition was held in 1988. From over 1400 entries the Norwegian firm Snøhetta was chosen to build the new library. In plan, the major building is circular, while in profile it features 11 staggered levels that cascade down to the Mediterranean. The main reading room is lit by a glass-paneled roof some 32 metres above the floor. The walls are of Aswan granite, engraved with characters from 120 languages. Though the library has shelf space for 8 million books, it is far from full, relying mainly on donations from foreign countries to build up its holdings; it houses, however, the only copy and external backup of the Internet Archive.

      75. Moshe Safdie, Yad Vashem Holocaust Memorial, Jerusalem, begun in 1953 (new buildings 1993–2005) (Israel)

      76. Zvi Hecker, Spiral Apartment House, Ramat Gan, 1984–1990 (Israel)

      77. Peter Barber, Villa Anbar, Dammam, 1992 (Saudi Arabia)

      78. Norman Foster and Buro Happold, Al Faisaliyah Tower, Riyadh, 2000 (Saudi Arabia)

      79. Ellerbe Becket, Omrania & Associates, Kingdom Centre, Riyadh, 2000 (Saudi Arabia)

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