Integration of Renewable Energy Sources with Smart Grid. Группа авторов
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Название: Integration of Renewable Energy Sources with Smart Grid
Автор: Группа авторов
Издательство: John Wiley & Sons Limited
Жанр: Физика
isbn: 9781119751885
isbn:
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1 *Corresponding author: [email protected]
2
Present Power Scenario in India
Niraimathi R.1*, Pradeep V.2, Shanthi M.3 and Kathiresh M.4
1Department of EEE, Mohamed Sathak Engineering College, Kilakarai, India
2Department of EEE, Alagappa Chettiar College of Engineering and Technology, Karaikudi, India
3Department of ECE, University College of Engineering, Ramanathapuram, India
4Department of EEE, PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore, India
Abstract
The major chunk of power generation in India is done by thermal power plants spread across the nation. These plants are situated near to the coal reserves and near major ports. The working of thermal power plant along with major thermal plants of India is discussed. Indian motherland is blessed with huge potential of hydropower which stands second in producing the highest amount of electric power after coal-based plants. Renewable energy is the fastest-growing in this sector. Solar and wind energy–based power plants are discussed. The promising source for future energy is nuclear power plants. Hence, due importance has been paid to these plants. Specific challenges and opportunities in operating the various power plants are also discussed. India, as a vast land, necessitates bulk power transmission corridors to connect generating stations that are located in close proximity with the sources to the load centres and it is one of the world leaders in this field. This necessitates a discussion of various bulk power transmission lines.
Keywords: Power sector scenario in India, thermal power, gas turbine power plant, hydropower, solar power, wind power
2.1 Introduction
Electrical power is the fulcrum for leveraging the economies, as most activities of the present civilization like agriculture and manufacturing revolve with it and change the living standard of people.
India, a rapidly growing economy in the world, is now the third largest producer of electric power with the production of 1,643 TWh of electric energy in the year 2019. It deploys diverse ways of generating electrical energy. Although Indian power sector is dominated by fossil fuels, the Government of India with a view of sustainable development set an ambitious target of renewable installed capacity of 175 GW by FY22. The total installed capacity as of 21 July 2020 is 371,654.13 MW. The thermal generation accounts for 62.29% as shown in Figure 2.1 [1, 2]. After thermal generation, hydropower generation stands second in the list. Wind power and solar power generation are two main renewable energy sources exploited in India [3].
2.2 Thermal Power Plant
In India, thermal energy is the major source of power generation. The thermal power plant produces more than 60% of the electrical power in India. India is the fifth largest producer of coal in the world [3]. Generally, bituminous coal is used as a boiler fuel in India. Figure 2.2 shows the schematic diagram of a typical thermal power plant.
Figure 2.1 Installed capacity in India.
Figure 2.2 A typical thermal power plant.
The heat energy from the combustion of fossil fuels is utilized by the boilers to produce steam at high pressure and temperature. The steam produced is used to drive the steam turbines or steam engines coupled to generators, and thus, electrical energy is generated in the thermal power plant. Steam turbines act not only as prime movers but also as drivers for auxiliary equipment such as pumps and stokers fans [4].
The thermal power plant can be classified into two types:
1 (i) Condensing type: In this type, the exhaust steam is discharged into a condenser, which creates suction at very low pressure and allows the expansion of steam in the turbine to very low pressure and thus increases the efficiency. During this process, steam is condensed into the water which can be re-circulated to the boiler with the help of pumps.
2 (ii) Non-condensing type: In this type, the steam exhausted from the turbine is discharged either at atmospheric pressure or pressure greater than atmospheric. In this type of plant, a continuous supply of fresh feed water is required.
2.2.1 Components of Thermal Power Plant
1 (i) Boiler and Boiler Furnace: A boiler incorporates a furnace to burn the fossil fuel (coal, gas, waste, etc.) and generate heat/steam which is transferred to water to make steam. The types of boiler used in a thermal power plant are water tube and fire tube boiler.
2 (ii) Superheater: It is used to convert the wet steam or saturated steam in to dry steam or superheated steam. Superheated steam contains more heat than the saturated steam at the same pressure. The more heat provides more energy to the turbine hence power output is more.
3 (iii) Economizer: It is used to capture the waste heat from flue gas and transfer it to the boiler feedwater. Economizer alone can produce 10%–12% efficiency increase; thereby, it saves 5%–15% fuel consumption.
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