Ukrainian Nationalists and the Holocaust. John-Paul Himka

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СКАЧАТЬ target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="#ulink_213caba2-b57e-5c74-adb4-2fb78ae63d29">56 Dobrovol’s’kyi, OUN na Donechchyni, 273-74; photoreproduction of first page of the order, 339. Olhynka is no longer a raion capital.

57 Ibid., 268. For other indications of anti-Jewish sentiment among OUN members in the Donbas see 135, 215. On truth and legend about OUN in the Donbas, see also Radchenko, “‘Two Policemen Came.’“

58 Lewytzkyj, “Natsional’nyi rukh pid chas Druhoi svitovoi viiny,” is an interview, but to my knowledge it is the only attempt to sketch the history of the Mitrynga faction of OUN during World War II.

59 Bahrianyi, “Natsional’na ideia i ‘natsionalizm,’“ in Bahrianyi, Publitsystyka, 63.

60 Armstrong, “Heroes and Human.”

61 As I wrote in 2010: “In the mid-1980s the Solidarity underground in Poland wanted to publish texts about Ukrainian nationalism and requested through an intermediary, the late Janusz Radziejowski, that I convey to them copies of Armstrong’s book as well as Alex Motyl’s Turn to the Right. After reading them in Polish translation, Janusz wrote to me in 1988 that for all the scholarly value of these books, he was very disappointed that they took no cognizance of the tremendous tragedy of the Jews.” Himka, “Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists,” 87. Radziejowski’s criticism was unfair in relation to Motyl’s book, which only encompassed the period through 1929. For more on Armstrong’s position, see Berkhoff and Carynnyk, “The Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists,” 175 n. 22.

62 Armstrong, Ukrainian Nationalism, 110-12.

63 Ibid., 54, 56 (a map appears on p. 55). See below, 225-303.

64 Ibid., 79 n. 28, 118.

65 Dobrovol’s’kyi, OUN na Donechchyni, 294 (reprint of excerpts from Stakhiv’s memoir of 1956).

66 Shankovs’kyi, Pokhidni hrupy, 85-86, 94, 101-02, 147.

67 “...The authors have been guided, and this needs to be strongly emphasized, by Marxist-Leninist criteria in the national question and in the evaluation of social problems.” Szcześniak and Szota. Droga do nikąd, 6.

68 Nowak, “‘Droga do nikąd.” This is a review of a reprint of Droga do nikąd in 2013.

69 Kedryn Rudnyts’kyi, Zhytiia—podii—liudy, 356.

70 Gitelman, “Politics and the Historiography of the Holocaust in the Soviet Union.” Amar, “Disturbed Silence.”

71 On developments in America, see the classic study by Peter Novick, The Holocaust in American Life.

72 There is an obituary of Hanusiak in the communist newspaper People’s World: “Michael Hanusiak.”

73 To be discussed below, 105-10.

74 “Hanusiak’s publication is utterly tendentious, and I refer to it with great caution.” Weiss, “Jewish-Ukrainian Relations,” 420 n. 36. Weiss’s article cited here was originally delivered as a paper at a conference on Ukrainian-Jewish relations in 1983. At the same conference, during the roundtable discussion, I am recorded as having said: “...no matter how one claims that one is careful about this source, Hanushchak [sic] being a Ukrainian communist front, cannot be believed and one shouldn’t even mention it in a text.” “Round-Table Discussion [first edition],” 494. For the second edition of the conference proceedings I was permitted to clean up the language of my intervention and phrased the same thought somewhat differently, saying that Hanusiak was “a Ukrainian-American Communist with a political axe to grind; he is not a source to be cited in a scholarly text.” “Round-Table Discussion [second edition],” 494. Somehow Taras Hunczak managed to misread this entirely: “I understand that when Aharon Weiss called Hanusiak’s work ‘utterly tendentious,’ John-Paul Himka came to Hanusiak’s defense.” Hunczak, “Problems of Historiography,” 136.

75 The organization was originally founded as the United Ukrainian Toilers Organization in 1924 and renamed the Union of Ukrainian Toilers in 1938 and the League of American Ukrainians in 1940. Kuropas, The Ukrainian Americans, 184, 196.

76 This was Sam Pevzner, a writer who contributed to such communist publications as The Daily Worker and Jewish Life. He had been subpoenaed by the House Committee on Un-American Activities as a communist propagandist in 1958.

77 HDA SBU, fond 16, op. 4, spr. 2, tom 2, ff. 275-76.

78 Szcześniak and Szota’s book came out while I was a graduate student at the University of Michigan. Our library had a publication exchange with Poland and received a copy of the book before it was removed from circulation.

79 The kinds of sources made available by the momentous changes of 1989-91 will be described in the next chapter.

80 The fact that “today” (the mid-1980s) Volhynia “lies outside the Polish territory poses delicate political problems for Polish authors.” Spector, Holocaust of Volhynian Jews, 4.

81 Mirchuk, Narys, 9. Herasymenko, Orhanizatsiia Ukrains’kykh Natsionalistiv, 4. Shankovs’kyi, Pokhidni hrupy, 184, 198, 266, 291, 302 nn. 100-01, 329. Shtul’, V im”ia pravdy, 7.

82 Pohl, Nationalsozialistische Judenverfolgung, 316.

83 Ibid., 40, 48-49, 375, 382.

84 Ibid., 316-17.

85 Ibid., 374-75.

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