The 2002 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

Чтение книги онлайн.

СКАЧАТЬ ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Germany 5, Japan 4 (2002 est.) ships by type: bulk 9, cargo 21, container 1, passenger/cargo 3, petroleum tanker 1

      Airports: 80 (2001)

      Airports - with paved runways: total: 8 over 3,047 m: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2001) 1,524 to 2,437 m: 4

      Airports - with unpaved runways: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: Heliports: 2 (2001)

      Military Burma

      Military branches: Army, Navy, Air Force

      Military manpower - military age: 18 years of age (2002 est.)

      Military manpower - availability: males age 15-49: 12,211,144 note: both sexes liable for military service (2002 est.) females age 15-49: 12,223,069

      Military manpower - fit for military service: males age 15-49: 6,502,013 females age 15-49: 6,491,732 (2002 est.)

      Military manpower - reaching military age annually: males: 486,432 females: 470,667 (2002 est.)

      Military expenditures - dollar figure: $39 million (FY97/98)

      Military expenditures - percent of GDP: 2.1% (FY97/98)

      Transnational Issues Burma

      Disputes - international: despite renewed border committee talks, significant differences remain with Thailand over boundary alignment and the handling of ethnic guerrilla rebels, refugees, smuggling, and drug trafficking in cross-border region; Burmese attempts to construct a dam on border stream with Bangladesh in 2001 prompted an armed response halting construction; Burmese Muslim migration into Bangladesh strains Bangladesh's meager resources

      Illicit drugs: world's largest producer of illicit opium, surpassing Afghanistan (potential production in 2001 - 865 metric tons, down 21% due to drought, and to a lesser extent, eradication; cultivation in 2002 - 105,000 hectares, a 3% decline from 2000); surrender of drug warlord KHUN SA's Mong Tai Army in January 1996 was hailed by Rangoon as a major counternarcotics success, but lack of government will and ability to take on major narcotrafficking groups and lack of serious commitment against money laundering continues to hinder the overall antidrug effort; major source of methamphetamine and heroin for regional consumption

      This page was last updated on 1 January 2002

      ========================================================================

      Benin

      Introduction

      Benin

      Background: Dahomey gained its independence from France in 1960; the name was changed to Benin in 1975. From 1974 to 1989 the country was a socialist state; free elections were reestablished in 1991.

      Geography Benin

      Location: Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between

       Nigeria and Togo

      Geographic coordinates: 9 30 N, 2 15 E

      Map references: Africa

      Area: total: 112,620 sq km water: 2,000 sq km land: 110,620 sq km

      Area - comparative: slightly smaller than Pennsylvania

      Land boundaries: total: 1,989 km border countries: Burkina Faso 306 km,

       Niger 266 km, Nigeria 773 km, Togo 644 km

      Coastline: 121 km

      Maritime claims: territorial sea: 200 NM

      Climate: tropical; hot, humid in south; semiarid in north

      Terrain: mostly flat to undulating plain; some hills and low mountains

      Elevation extremes: lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point:

       Mont Sokbaro 658 m

      Natural resources: small offshore oil deposits, limestone, marble, timber

      Land use: arable land: 15% permanent crops: 1% other: 84% (1998 est.)

      Irrigated land: 120 sq km (1998 est.)

      Natural hazards: hot, dry, dusty harmattan wind may affect north from

       December to March

      Environment - current issues: inadequate supplies of potable water; poaching threatens wildlife populations; deforestation; desertification

      Environment - international agreements: party to: Biodiversity,

       Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental

       Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone

       Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified:

       none of the selected agreements

      Geography - note: sandbanks create difficult access to a coast with no natural harbors, river mouths, or islands

      People Benin

      Population: 6,787,625 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2002 est.)

      Age structure: 0-14 years: 47.2% (male 1,616,138; female 1,585,463) 15-64 years: 50.5% (male 1,665,439; female 1,764,966) 65 years and over: 2.3% (male 65,877; female 89,742) (2002 est.)

      Population growth rate: 2.91% (2002 est.)

      Birth rate: 43.66 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)

      Death rate: 14.52 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)

      Net migration rate: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)

      Sex ratio: at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.94 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.73 male(s)/female total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2002 est.)

      Infant mortality rate: 88.52 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)

      Life expectancy at birth: 50.61 years (2002 est.) male: Total fertility rate: 6.14 children born/woman (2002 est.)

      HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate: 4.1% (2002)

      HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS: 160,000 (2002)

      HIV/AIDS - deaths: 37,000 (2002)

      Nationality: noun: Beninese (singular and plural) adjective: Beninese

      Ethnic groups: African 99% (42 ethnic groups, most important being Fon,

       Adja, Yoruba, Bariba), Europeans 5,500

      Religions: indigenous beliefs 50%, Christian 30%, Muslim 20%

      Languages: СКАЧАТЬ