The 2002 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

Чтение книги онлайн.

СКАЧАТЬ style="font-size:15px;">      Waterways: none

      Pipelines: crude oil 1,130 km; petroleum products 630 km; natural gas 1,240 km

      Ports and harbors: Baku (Baki)

      Merchant marine: total: 54 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 246,051 GRT/306,756 DWT ships by type: cargo 12, petroleum tanker 40, roll on/roll off 2 (2002 est.)

      Airports: 52 (2001)

      Airports - with paved runways: total: 9 2,438 to 3,047 m: 5 1,524 to 2,437 m: 4 (2001)

      Airports - with unpaved runways: total: 43 1,524 to 2,437 m: 7 914 to 1,523 m: 8 under 914 m: 28 (2001)

      Military Azerbaijan

      Military branches: Army, Navy, Air and Air Defense Forces

      Military manpower - military age: 18 years of age (2002 est.)

      Military manpower - availability: males age 15-49: 2,131,331 (2002 est.)

      Military manpower - fit for military service: males age 15-49: 1,706,325 (2002 est.)

      Military manpower - reaching military age annually: males: 77,099 (2002 est.)

      Military expenditures - dollar figure: $121 million (FY99)

      Military expenditures - percent of GDP: 2.6% (FY99)

      Transnational Issues Azerbaijan

      Disputes - international: Armenia supports ethnic Armenian secessionists in Nagorno-Karabakh and militarily occupies almost one-fifth of Azerbaijan - Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) continues to mediate dispute; Azerbaijan signed bilateral agreements with Russia delimiting the Caspian seabed, but littoral states are far from multilateral agreement on dividing the waters and seabed regimes - Iran insists on division of Caspian Sea into five equal sectors while Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Russia, and Turkmenistan have generally agreed upon equidistant seabed boundaries; Iran threatens to conduct oil exploration in Azerbaijani-claimed waters, while interdicting Azerbaijani activities; Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan await ICJ decision to resolve sovereignty dispute over oilfields in the Caspian Sea

      Illicit drugs: limited illicit cultivation of cannabis and opium poppy, mostly for CIS consumption; limited government eradication program; transshipment point for opiates via Iran, Central Asia, and Russia to Western Europe

      This page was last updated on 1 January 2002

      ========================================================================

      Albania

      Introduction

      Albania

      Background: In 1990 Albania ended 44 years of xenophobic communist rule and established a multiparty democracy. The transition has proven difficult as corrupt governments have tried to deal with high unemployment, a dilapidated infrastructure, widespread gangsterism, and disruptive political opponents. International observers judged local elections in 2001 to be acceptable and a step toward democratic development, but identified serious deficiencies which should be addressed through reforms in the Albanian electoral code.

      Geography Albania

      Location: Southeastern Europe, bordering the Adriatic Sea and Ionian Sea, between Greece and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia

      Geographic coordinates: 41 00 N, 20 00 E

      Map references: Europe

      Area: total: 28,748 sq km water: 1,350 sq km land: 27,398 sq km

      Area - comparative: slightly smaller than Maryland

      Land boundaries: total: 720 km border countries: Greece 282 km, The

       Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia 151 km, Yugoslavia 287 km

      Coastline: 362 km

      Maritime claims: continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation territorial sea: 12 NM

      Climate: mild temperate; cool, cloudy, wet winters; hot, clear, dry summers; interior is cooler and wetter

      Terrain: mostly mountains and hills; small plains along coast

      Elevation extremes: lowest point: Adriatic Sea 0 m highest point:

       Maja e Korabit (Golem Korab) 2,753 m

      Natural resources: petroleum, natural gas, coal, chromium, copper, timber, nickel, hydropower

      Land use: arable land: 21% permanent crops: 4% other: 75% (1998 est.)

      Irrigated land: 3,400 sq km (1998 est.)

      Natural hazards: destructive earthquakes; tsunamis occur along southwestern coast; floods; drought

      Environment - current issues: deforestation; soil erosion; water pollution from industrial and domestic effluents

      Environment - international agreements: party to: Biodiversity, Climate

       Change, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection,

       Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

      Geography - note: strategic location along Strait of Otranto (links

       Adriatic Sea to Ionian Sea and Mediterranean Sea)

      People Albania

      Population: 3,544,841 (July 2002 est.)

      Age structure: 0-14 years: 28.8% (male 528,678; female 493,531) 15-64 years: 64% (male 1,094,034; female 1,175,024) 65 years and over: 7.2% (male 111,524; female 142,050) (2002 est.)

      Population growth rate: 1.06% (2002 est.)

      Birth rate: 18.59 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)

      Death rate: 6.49 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)

      Net migration rate: -1.46 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)

      Sex ratio: at birth: 1.07 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.07 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.93 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.79 male(s)/female total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (2002 est.)

      Infant mortality rate: 38.64 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)

      Life expectancy at birth: 75.14 years (2002 est.) male: Total fertility rate: 2.27 children born/woman (2002 est.)

      HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate: less than 0.01% (1999 est.)

      HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS: less than 100 (2000 est.)

      HIV/AIDS - deaths: less than 100 (1999 est.)

      Nationality: noun: Albanian(s) adjective: Albanian

      Ethnic groups: Albanian 95%, Greek 3%, other 2% (Vlach, Gypsy, Serb, and Bulgarian) (1989 est.) note: in 1989, other estimates of the Greek population ranged from СКАЧАТЬ