The 2002 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

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СКАЧАТЬ in 1962. The surprising first round success of the fundamentalist FIS (Islamic Salvation Front) party in the December 1991 balloting caused the army to intervene, crack down on the FIS, and postpone the subsequent elections. The FIS response has resulted in a continuous low-grade civil conflict with the secular state apparatus, which nonetheless has allowed elections featuring pro-government and moderate religious-based parties. FIS's armed wing, the Islamic Salvation Army, disbanded itself in January 2000 and many armed militants surrendered under an amnesty program designed to promote national reconciliation. Nevertheless, residual fighting continues. Other concerns include Berber unrest, large-scale unemployment, a shortage of housing, and the need to diversify the petroleum-based economy.

      Geography Algeria

      Location: Northern Africa, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between

       Morocco and Tunisia

      Geographic coordinates: 28 00 N, 3 00 E

      Map references: Africa

      Area: total: 2,381,740 sq km water: 0 sq km land: 2,381,740 sq km

      Area - comparative: slightly less than 3.5 times the size of Texas

      Land boundaries: total: 6,343 km border countries: Libya 982 km, Mali 1,376 km, Mauritania 463 km, Morocco 1,559 km, Niger 956 km, Tunisia 965 km, Western Sahara 42 km

      Coastline: 998 km

      Maritime claims: exclusive fishing zone: 32-52 NM territorial sea: 12 NM

      Climate: arid to semiarid; mild, wet winters with hot, dry summers along coast; drier with cold winters and hot summers on high plateau; sirocco is a hot, dust/sand-laden wind especially common in summer

      Terrain: mostly high plateau and desert; some mountains; narrow, discontinuous coastal plain

      Elevation extremes: lowest point: Chott Melrhir -40 m highest point:

       Tahat 3,003 m

      Natural resources: petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, phosphates, uranium, lead, zinc

      Land use: arable land: 3% permanent crops: 0% other: 97% (1998 est.)

      Irrigated land: 5,600 sq km (1998 est.)

      Natural hazards: mountainous areas subject to severe earthquakes; mudslides and floods in rainy season

      Environment - current issues: soil erosion from overgrazing and other poor farming practices; desertification; dumping of raw sewage, petroleum refining wastes, and other industrial effluents is leading to the pollution of rivers and coastal waters; Mediterranean Sea, in particular, becoming polluted from oil wastes, soil erosion, and fertilizer runoff; inadequate supplies of potable water

      Environment - international agreements: party to: Biodiversity, Climate

       Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification,

       Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution,

       Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Geography - note: second-largest

       country in Africa (after Sudan)

      People Algeria

      Population: 32,277,942 (July 2002 est.)

      Age structure: 0-14 years: 33.5% (male 5,512,369; female 5,311,914) 15-64 years: 62.4% (male 10,175,135; female 9,950,315) 65 years and over: 4.1% (male 610,643; female 717,566) (2002 est.)

      Population growth rate: 1.68% (2002 est.)

      Birth rate: 22.34 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)

      Death rate: 5.15 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)

      Net migration rate: -0.42 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)

      Sex ratio: at birth: 1.04 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.85 male(s)/female total population: 1.02 male(s)/female (2002 est.)

      Infant mortality rate: 39.15 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)

      Life expectancy at birth: 71.67 years (2002 est.) male: Total fertility rate: 2.63 children born/woman (2002 est.)

      HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate: 0.07% (1999 est.)

      HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS: NA

      HIV/AIDS - deaths: NA

      Nationality: noun: Algerian(s) adjective: Algerian

      Ethnic groups: Arab-Berber 99%, European less than 1%

      Religions: Sunni Muslim (state religion) 99%, Christian and Jewish 1%

      Languages: Arabic (official), French, Berber dialects

      Literacy: definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 61.6% male: 73.9% female: 49% (1995 est.)

      Government Algeria

      Country name: conventional long form: People's Democratic Republic of

       Algeria conventional short form: Algeria local short form: Al Jaza'ir

       local long form: Al Jumhuriyah al Jaza'iriyah ad Dimuqratiyah ash

       Sha'biyah

      Government type: republic

      Capital: Algiers

      Administrative divisions: 48 provinces (wilayas, singular - wilaya);

       Adrar, Ain Defla, Ain Temouchent, Alger, Annaba, Batna, Bechar, Bejaia,

       Biskra, Blida, Bordj Bou Arreridj, Bouira, Boumerdes, Chlef, Constantine,

       Djelfa, El Bayadh, El Oued, El Tarf, Ghardaia, Guelma, Illizi, Jijel,

       Khenchela, Laghouat, Mascara, Medea, Mila, Mostaganem, M'Sila, Naama,

       Oran, Ouargla, Oum el Bouaghi, Relizane, Saida, Setif, Sidi Bel Abbes,

       Skikda, Souk Ahras, Tamanghasset, Tebessa, Tiaret, Tindouf, Tipaza,

       Tissemsilt, Tizi Ouzou, Tlemcen

      Independence: 5 July 1962 (from France)

      National holiday: Revolution Day, 1 November (1954)

      Constitution: 19 November 1976, effective 22 November 1976; revised 3

       November 1988, 23 February 1989, and 28 November 1996

      Legal system: socialist, based on French and Islamic law; judicial review of legislative acts in ad hoc Constitutional Council composed of various public officials, including several Supreme Court justices; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

      Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal

      Executive branch: chief of state: President Abdelaziz BOUTEFLIKA (since 28 April 1999) head of government: Prime Minister Ali BENFLIS (since 26 August СКАЧАТЬ