The 2002 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

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СКАЧАТЬ society. The government has struggled to ready the economy for the new millennium through economic reform and massive investment in communications and physical infrastructure.

      Geography Egypt

      Location: Northern Africa, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between

       Libya and the Gaza Strip

      Geographic coordinates: 27 00 N, 30 00 E

      Map references: Africa

      Area: total: 1,001,450 sq km land: 995,450 sq km water: 6,000 sq km

      Area - comparative: slightly more than three times the size of New Mexico

      Land boundaries: total: 2,665 km border countries: Gaza Strip 11 km,

       Israel 266 km, Libya 1,115 km, Sudan 1,273 km

      Coastline: 2,450 km

      Maritime claims: contiguous zone: 24 NM territorial sea: 12 NM continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation exclusive economic zone: 200 NM

      Climate: desert; hot, dry summers with moderate winters

      Terrain: vast desert plateau interrupted by Nile valley and delta

      Elevation extremes: lowest point: Qattara Depression -133 m highest point: Mount Catherine 2,629 m

      Natural resources: petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, phosphates, manganese, limestone, gypsum, talc, asbestos, lead, zinc

      Land use: arable land: 3% permanent crops: 0% other: 97% (1998 est.)

      Irrigated land: 33,000 sq km (1998 est.)

      Natural hazards: periodic droughts; frequent earthquakes, flash floods, landslides; hot, driving windstorm called khamsin occurs in spring; dust storms, sandstorms

      Environment - current issues: agricultural land being lost to urbanization and windblown sands; increasing soil salination below Aswan High Dam; desertification; oil pollution threatening coral reefs, beaches, and marine habitats; other water pollution from agricultural pesticides, raw sewage, and industrial effluents; very limited natural fresh water resources away from the Nile which is the only perennial water source; rapid growth in population overstraining the Nile and natural resources

      Environment - international agreements: party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Geography - note: controls Sinai Peninsula, only land bridge between Africa and remainder of Eastern Hemisphere; controls Suez Canal, shortest sea link between Indian Ocean and Mediterranean Sea; size, and juxtaposition to Israel, establish its major role in Middle Eastern geopolitics; dependence on upstream neighbors; dominance of Nile basin issues; prone to influxes of refugees

      People Egypt

      Population: 70,712,345 (July 2002 est.)

      Age structure: 33.96% (male 12,292,185; female 11,721,469) 15-64 years: (male 1,191,091; female 1,541,459) (2002 est.)

      Population growth rate: 1.66% (2002 est.)

      Birth rate: 24.41 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)

      Death rate: 7.58 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)

      Net migration rate: -0.24 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)

      Sex ratio: at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.77 male(s)/female total population: 1.02 male(s)/female (2002 est.)

      Infant mortality rate: 58.6 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)

      Life expectancy at birth: 66.24 years (2002 est.) male: Total fertility rate: 2.99 children born/woman (2002 est.)

      HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate: 0.02% (1999 est.)

      HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS: NA

      HIV/AIDS - deaths: NA

      Nationality: noun: Egyptian(s) adjective: Egyptian

      Ethnic groups: Eastern Hamitic stock (Egyptians, Bedouins, and Berbers) 99%, Greek, Nubian, Armenian, other European (primarily Italian and French) 1%

      Religions: Muslim (mostly Sunni) 94%, Coptic Christian and other 6%

      Languages: Arabic (official), English and French widely understood by educated classes

      Literacy: definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 51.4% male: 63.6% female: 38.8% (1995 est.)

      Government Egypt

      Country name: Arab Republic of Egypt conventional short form: local long form: Jumhuriyat Misr al-Arabiyah

      Government type: republic

      Capital: Cairo

      Administrative divisions: 26 governorates (muhafazat, singular -

       muhafazah); Ad Daqahliyah, Al Bahr al Ahmar, Al Buhayrah, Al Fayyum,

       Al Gharbiyah, Al Iskandariyah, Al Isma'iliyah, Al Jizah, Al Minufiyah,

       Al Minya, Al Qahirah, Al Qalyubiyah, Al Wadi al Jadid, Ash Sharqiyah,

       As Suways, Aswan, Asyut, Bani Suwayf, Bur Sa'id, Dumyat, Janub Sina',

       Kafr ash Shaykh, Matruh, Qina, Shamal Sina', Suhaj

      Independence: 28 February 1922 (from UK)

      National holiday: Revolution Day, 23 July (1952)

      Constitution: 11 September 1971

      Legal system: based on English common law, Islamic law, and Napoleonic codes; judicial review by Supreme Court and Council of State (oversees validity of administrative decisions); accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations

      Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal and compulsory

      Executive branch: chief of state: President Mohammed Hosni MUBARAK (since 14 October 1981) head of government: Prime Minister Atef Mohammed ABEID (since 5 Cabinet appointed by the president elections: nomination must then be validated by a national, popular referendum; national referendum last held 26 September 1999 (next to be held NA October 2005); prime minister appointed by the president election results: national referendum validated President MUBARAK's nomination by the People's Assembly to a fourth term

      Legislative branch: bicameral system consists of the People's Assembly or Majlis al-Sha'b (454 seats; 444 elected by popular vote, 10 appointed by the president; members serve five-year terms) and the Advisory Council or Majlis al-Shura - which functions only in a consultative role (264 seats; 176 elected by popular vote, 88 appointed by the president; members serve NA-year terms) elections: People's Assembly - three-phase voting - last held 19 October, 29 October, 8 November 2000 (next to be held NA November 2005); Advisory Council - last held 7 June 1995 (next to be held NA) election results: opposition 4%; seats by party - NDP 398, NWP 7, Tagammu 6, Nasserists СКАЧАТЬ