The 2002 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

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СКАЧАТЬ de La Habana, Granma, Guantanamo, Holguin,

       Isla de la Juventud*, La Habana, Las Tunas, Matanzas, Pinar del Rio,

       Sancti Spiritus, Santiago de Cuba, Villa Clara

      Independence: 20 May 1902 (from Spain 10 December 1898; administered by the US from 1898 to 1902)

      National holiday: Independence Day, 10 December (1898); note - 10 December 1898 is the date of independence from Spain, 20 May 1902 is the date of independence from US administration

      Constitution: 24 February 1976, amended July 1992

      Legal system: based on Spanish and American law, with large elements of Communist legal theory; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

      Suffrage: 16 years of age; universal

      Executive branch: chief of state: President of the Council of State and President of the Council of Ministers Fidel CASTRO Ruz (prime minister from February 1959 until 24 February 1976 when office was abolished; president since 2 December 1976); First Vice President of the Council of State and First Vice President of the Council of Ministers Gen. Raul CASTRO Ruz (since 2 December 1976); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government elections: president and vice president elected by the National Assembly; election last held 24 February 1998 (next to be held in 2003) election results: Fidel CASTRO Ruz elected president; percent of legislative vote - 100%; Raul CASTRO Ruz elected vice president; percent of legislative vote - 100% cabinet: Council of Ministers proposed by the president of the Council of State, appointed by the National Assembly; note - there is also a Council of State whose members are elected by the National Assembly head of government: President of the Council of State and President of the Council of Ministers Fidel CASTRO Ruz (prime minister from February 1959 until 24 February 1976 when office was abolished; president since 2 December 1976); First Vice President of the Council of State and First Vice President of the Council of Ministers Gen. Raul CASTRO Ruz (since 2 December 1976); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

      Legislative branch: unicameral National Assembly of People's Power or Asemblea Nacional del Poder Popular (601 seats, elected directly from slates approved by special candidacy commissions; members serve five-year terms) elections: percent of vote - PCC 94.39%; seats - PCC 601

      Judicial branch: People's Supreme Court or Tribunal Supremo Popular (president, vice president, and other judges are elected by the National Assembly)

      Political parties and leaders: only party - Cuban Communist Party or PCC

       [Fidel CASTRO Ruz, first secretary]

      Political pressure groups and leaders: NA

      International organization participation: CCC, ECLAC, FAO, G-77,

       IAEA, ICAO, ICC, ICRM, IFAD, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMO, Interpol, IOC,

       IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, LAES, LAIA, NAM, OAS (excluded from formal

       participation since 1962), OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU,

       WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO

      Diplomatic representation in the US: none; note - Cuba has an Interests

       Section in the Swiss Embassy, headed by Principal Officer Dagoberto

       RODRIGUEZ Barrera (since August 2001); address: Cuban Interests Section,

       Swiss Embassy, 2630 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20009; telephone:

       [1] (202) 797-8518

      Diplomatic representation from the US: none; note - the US has an

       Interests Section in the Swiss Embassy, headed by Principal Officer

       Vicki HUDDLESTON; address: USINT, Swiss Embassy, Calzada between L and

       M Streets, Vedado Seccion, Havana; telephone: protecting power in Cuba

       is Switzerland

      Flag description: five equal horizontal bands of blue (top and bottom) alternating with white; a red equilateral triangle based on the hoist side bears a white, five-pointed star in the center; design influenced by the US flag

      Economy Cuba

      Economy - overview: The government continues to balance the need for economic loosening against a concern for firm political control. It has undertaken limited reforms in recent years to stem excess liquidity, increase enterprise efficiency, and alleviate serious shortages of food, consumer goods, and services, but is unlikely to implement extensive changes. A major feature of the economy is the dichotomy between relatively efficient export enclaves and inefficient domestic sectors. The average Cuban's standard of living remains at a lower level than before the severe economic depression of the early 1990s, which was caused by the loss of Soviet aid and domestic inefficiencies. High oil prices, recessions in key export markets, and damage from Hurricane Michelle hampered growth in 2001. Cuba paid high prices for oil imports in the face of slumping prices in the key sugar and nickel industries and suffered a slowdown in tourist arrivals following September 11. The government subsequently depreciated the peso by approximately 30% and now aims for 3% growth in 2002.

      GDP: purchasing power parity - $25.5 billion (2001 est.)

      GDP - real growth rate: 3% (2001 est.)

      GDP - per capita: purchasing power parity - $2,300 (2001 est.)

      GDP - composition by sector: agriculture: 7.6% industry: 34.5% services: 57.9% (2000 est.)

      Population below poverty line: NA%

      Household income or consumption by percentage share: lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%

      Inflation rate (consumer prices): 0.5% (2001 est.)

      Labor force: 4.3 million (2000 est.) note: state sector 78%, non-state sector 22% (1999)

      Labor force - by occupation: agriculture 24%, industry 25%, services 51% (1999)

      Unemployment rate: 4.1% (2001 est.)

      Budget: revenues: $14.9 billion expenditures: $15.6 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (2000 est.)

      Industries: sugar, petroleum, tobacco, chemicals, construction, services, nickel, steel, cement, agricultural machinery, biotechnology

      Industrial production growth rate: 2.4% (2001 est.)

      Electricity - production: 14.87 billion kWh (2000)

      Electricity - production by source: fossil fuel: 94.63% hydro: 0.4% other: 4.97% (2000) nuclear: 0%

      Electricity - consumption: 13.829 billion kWh (2000)

      Electricity - exports: 0 kWh (2000)

      Electricity - imports: 0 kWh (2000)

      Agriculture - products: sugar, tobacco, citrus, coffee, rice, potatoes, beans; livestock

      Exports: $1.7 billion (f.o.b., 2001 est.)

      Exports - commodities: sugar, nickel, tobacco, fish, medical products, citrus, coffee

      Exports СКАЧАТЬ