The 1992 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

Чтение книги онлайн.

       USSR, Germany, Austria, Poland, Switzerland, Hungary, Yugoslavia, UK, Italy

       External debt:

       $9.1 billion, hard currency indebtedness (December 1991)

       Industrial production:

       growth rate -22% (1991 est.); accounts for almost 60% of GNP

       Electricity:

       23,000,000 kW capacity; 90,000 million kWh produced, 5,740 kWh per capita

       (1990)

       Industries:

       iron and steel, machinery and equipment, cement, sheet glass, motor

       vehicles, armaments, chemicals, ceramics, wood, paper products, footwear

       Agriculture:

       accounts for 9% of GDP (includes forestry); largely self-sufficient in food

       production; diversified crop and livestock production, including grains,

       potatoes, sugar beets, hops, fruit, hogs, cattle, and poultry; exporter of

       forest products

      :Czechoslovakia Economy

      Illicit drugs:

       transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin and emerging as a

       transshipment point for Latin American cocaine E

       Economic aid:

       donor - $4.2 billion in bilateral aid to non-Communist less developed

       countries (1954-89)

       Currency:

       koruna (plural - koruny); 1 koruna (Kc) = 100 haleru

       Exchange rates:

       koruny (Kcs) per US$1 - 28.36 (January 1992), 29.53 (1991), 17.95 (1990),

       15.05 (1989), 14.36 (1988), 13.69 (1987)

       Fiscal year:

       calendar year

      :Czechoslovakia Communications

      Railroads:

       13,103 km total; 12,855 km 1.435-meter standard gauge, 102 km 1.520-meter

       broad gauge, 146 km 0.750- and 0.760-meter narrow gauge; 2,861 km double

       track; 3,798 km electrified; government owned (1988)

       Highways:

       73,540 km total; including 517 km superhighway (1988)

       Inland waterways:

       475 km (1988); the Elbe (Labe) is the principal river

       Pipelines:

       crude oil 1,448 km; petroleum products 1,500 km; natural gas 8,100 km

       Ports:

       maritime outlets are in Poland (Gdynia, Gdansk, Szczecin), Croatia (Rijeka),

       Slovenia (Koper), Germany (Hamburg, Rostock); principal river ports are

       Prague on the Vltava, Decin on the Elbe (Labe), Komarno on the Danube,

       Bratislava on the Danube

       Merchant marine:

       22 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 290,185 GRT/437,291 DWT; includes 13

       cargo, 9 bulk

       Civil air:

       47 major transport aircraft

       Airports:

       158 total, 158 usable; 40 with permanent-surface runways; 19 with runways

       2,440-3,659 m; 37 with runways 1,220-2,439 m

       Telecommunications:

       inadequate circuit capacity; 4 million telephones; Radrel backbone of

       network; 25% of households have a telephone; broadcast stations - 32 AM, 15

       FM, 41 TV (11 Soviet TV repeaters); 4.4 million TVs (1990); 1 satellite

       earth station using INTELSAT and Intersputnik

      :Czechoslovakia Defense Forces

      Branches:

       Army, Air and Air Defense Forces, Civil Defense, Border Guard

       Manpower availability:

       males 15-49, 4,110,628; 3,142,457 fit for military service; 142,239 reach

       military age (18) annually

       Defense expenditures:

       exchange rate conversion - 28 billion koruny, NA% of GNP (1991); note -

       conversion of defense expenditures into US dollars using the current

       exchange rate would produce misleading results

      :Denmark Geography

      Total area:

       43,070 km2

       Land area:

       42,370 km2; includes the island of Bornholm in the Baltic Sea and the rest

       of metropolitan Denmark, but excludes the Faroe Islands and Greenland

       Comparative area:

       slightly more than twice the size of Massachusetts

       Land boundaries:

       68 km; Germany 68 km

       Coastline:

       3,379 km

       Maritime claims:

       Contiguous zone:

       4 nm

       Continental shelf:

       200 m (depth) or to depth of exploitation

       Exclusive fishing zone:

       200 nm

       Territorial sea:

       3 nm

       Disputes:

       Rockall continental shelf dispute involving Iceland, Ireland, and the UK

       (Ireland and the UK have signed a boundary agreement in the Rockall area);

       Denmark has challenged Norway's maritime claims between Greenland and Jan

       СКАЧАТЬ