The 1992 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

Чтение книги онлайн.

       Costa Rican colon (plural - colones); 1 Costa Rican colon (C) = 100 centimos

       Exchange rates:

       Costa Rican colones (C) per US$1 - 136.35 (January 1992), 122.43 (1991),

       91.58 (1990), 81.504 (1989), 75.805 (1988), 62.776 (1987)

      :Costa Rica Economy

      Fiscal year: calendar year

      :Costa Rica Communications

      Railroads:

       950 km total, all 1.067-meter gauge; 260 km electrified

       Highways:

       15,400 km total; 7,030 km paved, 7,010 km gravel, 1,360 km unimproved earth

       Inland waterways:

       about 730 km, seasonally navigable

       Pipelines:

       petroleum products 176 km

       Ports:

       Puerto Limon, Caldera, Golfito, Moin, Puntarenas

       Merchant marine:

       1 cargo ship (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 2,878 GRT/4,506 DWT

       Civil air:

       11 major transport aircraft

       Airports:

       164 total, 149 usable; 28 with permanent-surface runways; none with runways

       over 3,659 m; 1 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 10 with runways 1,220-2,439 m

       Telecommunications:

       very good domestic telephone service; 292,000 telephones; connection into

       Central American Microwave System; broadcast stations - 71 AM, no FM, 18 TV,

       13 shortwave; 1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT earth station

      :Costa Rica Defense Forces

      Branches:

       Civil Guard, Rural Assistance Guard; note - Constitution prohibits armed

       forces

       Manpower availability:

       males 15-49, 829,576; 559,575 fit for military service; 31,828 reach

       military age (18) annually

       Defense expenditures:

       exchange rate conversion - $22 million, 0.5% of GDP (1989)

      :Croatia Geography

      Total area:

       56,538 km2

       Land area:

       56,410 km2

       Comparative area:

       slightly smaller than West Virginia

       Land boundaries:

       1,843 km; Bosnia and Hercegovina (east) 751 km, Bosnia and Hercegovina

       (southeast) 91 km, Hungary 292 km, Serbia and Montenegro 254 km, Slovenia

       455 km

       Coastline:

       5,790 km; mainland 1,778 km, islands 4,012 km

       Maritime claims:

       Contiguous zone:

       NA nm

       Continental shelf:

       200-meter depth or to depth of exploitation

       Exclusive economic zone:

       12 nm

       Exclusive fishing zone:

       12 nm

       Territorial sea:

       12 nm

       Disputes:

       Serbian enclaves in eastern Slavonia and along the western Bosnia and

       Hercegovinian border; dispute with Slovenia over fishing rights in Adriatic

       Climate:

       Mediterranean and continental; continental climate predominant with hot

       summers and cold winters; mild winters, dry summers along coast

       Terrain:

       geographically diverse; flat plains along Hungarian border, low mountains

       and highlands near Adriatic coast, coastline, and islands

       Natural resources:

       oil, some coal, bauxite, low-grade iron ore, calcium, natural asphalt,

       silica, mica, clays, salt, fruit, livestock

       Land use:

       32% arable land; 20% permanent crops; 18% meadows and pastures; 15% forest

       and woodland; 9% other; includes 5% irrigated

       Environment:

       air pollution from metallurgical plants; damaged forest; coastal pollution

       from industrial and domestic waste; subject to frequent and destructive

       earthquakes

       Note:

       controls most land routes from Western Europe to Aegean Sea and Turkish

       Straits

      :Croatia People

      Population:

       4,784,000 (July 1991), growth rate 0.39% (for the period 1981-91)

       Birth rate:

       12.2 births/1,000 population (1991)

       Death rate:

       11.3 deaths/1,000 population (1991)

       Net migration rate:

       NA migrants/1,000 population (1991)

       Infant mortality rate:

       10 deaths/1,000 live births (1990)

       Life expectancy at birth:

       67 years male, 74 years female (1980-82)

       Total fertility rate:

       NA children born/woman (1991)

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