Gas Biology Research in Clinical Practice. Группа авторов
Чтение книги онлайн.
Читать онлайн книгу Gas Biology Research in Clinical Practice - Группа авторов страница 7
Название: Gas Biology Research in Clinical Practice
Автор: Группа авторов
Издательство: Ingram
Жанр: Биология
isbn: 9783805596657
isbn:
Fig. 2. Comparison of volume passing through the digestive tract between gas and liquid plus solid contents.
Diverticulosis
High methanogen concentrations were found in patients with diverticulosis [29]. This suggests that the diverticula may provide an optimal environment for the growth of methanogens. It is possible that the diverticula may provide a sheltered niche where the slow-growing methanogens are not swept away and where symbiotic relationships with H2-producing organisms may occur. Since CH4 production occurs mainly in the left colon, H2 produced in the left colon may be rapidly converted to CH4, possibly resulting in reduced flatus.
Table 1. Direction of diffusion of gas between the lumen and mucosal blood
Conclusions
The sources of intraluminal gas are air swallowing, intraluminal production, and diffusion from the blood. Five gases (N2, O2, CO2, H2, and CH4) account for more than 99% of gas passed per rectum. As shown in figure 2, greater amount of gases pass through the digestive tract per day than liquid and solid contents. There are geographical differences in gas metabolism (table 1). This suggests that impaired gas movement might be more closely associated with abdominal symptoms compared to liquid movement. Although it is unknown if increased and unequally distributed gases in the digestive tract are the key event in the pathogenesis of abdominal symptoms, intestinal gas metabolism might be one of the risk factors for developing various digestive diseases.
References
1 Maddock WG, Bell JL, Tremaine MJ: Gastrointestinal gas: observations on belching during anesthesia, operations and pyelography and rapid passage of gas. Ann Surg 1949;130:512-537.
2 Tomlin J, Lowis C, Read NW: Investigation of normal flatus production in healthy volunteers. Gut 1991;32:665-669.
3 Suarez F, Levitt MD: Intestinal gas; in Feldman M, Friedman LS, Sleisenger MH (eds): Sleisenger and Fordtran’s Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease: Pathophysiology/Diagnosis/Management. Philadelphia, Saunders, 2002, pp 155-163.
4 Fordtran JS, Walsh JH: Gastric acid secretion rate and buffer content of the stomach after eating: results in normal subjects and in patients with duodenal ulcer. J Clin Invest 1973;52:645-647.
5 Fordtran JS, Morawski SG, Santa Ana CA, Rector FC Jr: Gas production after reaction of sodium bicarbonate and hydrochloric acid. Gastroenterology 1984;87:1014-1121.
6 Levitt MD: Volume and composition of human intestinal gas determined by means of an intestinal washout technique. N Engl J Med 1971;284:1394-1398.
7 Urita Y, Ishihara S, Akimoto T, Kato H, Hara N, Honda Y, Nagai Y, Nakanishi K, Shimada N, Sugimoto M, Miki K: Hydrogen and methane gases are frequently detected in the stomach. Word J Gastroenterol 2006;12:3088-3091.
8 Neish AS: Microbes in gastrointestinal health and disease. Gastroenterology 2009;136:65-80.
9 Fried M, Siegrist H, Frei R, Froehlich F, Duroux P, Thorens J, Blum A, Bille J, Gonvers JJ, Gyr K: Duodenal bacterial overgrowth during treatment in outpatients with omeprazole. Gut 1994;35:23-26.
10 Thompson DG, O’Brien JD, Hardie JM: Influence of the oropharyngeal microflora on the measurement of exhaled breath hydrogen. Gastroenterology 1986; 91:853-860.
11 Urita Y, Watanabe T, Maeda T, Sasaki Y, Ishii T, Yamamoto T, Kugahara A, Nakayama A, Nanami M, Domon K, Ishihara S, Kato H, Hike K, Sanaka M, Nakajima H, Sugimoto M, Miki K: Extensive atrophic gastritis linked to increased levels of intraluminal hydrogen gas. Hepatogastroenterology 2008;55:1645-1648.
12 Le Marchand L, Wilkens LR, Harwood P, Cooney RV: Use of breath hydrogen and methane as markers of colonic fermentation in epidemiologic studies; circadian patterns of excretion. Environ Health Perspect 1992;98:199-202.
13 Perman JA, Modler S, Barr RG, Rosenthal P: Fasting breath hydrogen concentration: normal values and clinical application. Gastroenterology 1984;87:1358-1363.
14 Levitt MD, Donaldson RM: Use of respiratory hydrogen (H2) excretion to detect carbohydrate malabsorption. J Lab Clin Med 1970;75:937-945.
15 Strocchi A, Levitt MD: Intestinal gas; in Feldman M, Scharschmidt BF, Sleisenger MH (eds): Sleisenger and Fordtran’s Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease, ed 6. Philadelphia, Saunders, 1998, vol 1, p 155.
16 Stephen AM, Haddad AC, Philipps SF: Passage of carbohydrate into the colon: direct measurements in humans. Gastroenterology 1983;85:589-595.
17 Nakamura T, Takebe K, Tando Y, Arai Y, Yamada N, Ishii M, Kikuchi H, Machida K, Imamura K, Terada A: Serum fatty acid composition in normal Japanese and its relationship with dietary fish and vegetable oil contents and blood lipid levels. Ann Nutr Metab 1995;39:261-270.
18 Gibson GR, Cummings JH, Macfarlane GT, Allison C, Segal I, Vorster HH, Walker AR: Alternative pathways for hydrogen disposal during fermentation in the human colon. Gut 1990;31:679-683.
19 Miller TL, Wolin MJ: Enumeration of Methano-brevibacter smithii in human feces. Arch Microbiol 1982;131:14-18.
20 Bond JH Jr, Engel RR, Levitt MD: Factors influencing pulmonary methane excretion in man. An indirect method of studying the in situ metabolism of the methane-producing colonic bacteria. J Exp Med 1971;133:572-588.
21 Koide A, Yamaguchi T, Odaka T, Koyama H, Tsuyuguchi T, Kitahara H, Ohto M, Saisho H: Quantitative analysis of bowel gas using plain abdominal radiograph in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Am J Gastroenterol 2000;95:1735-1741.