Wind Energy Handbook. Michael Barton Graham
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Название: Wind Energy Handbook
Автор: Michael Barton Graham
Издательство: John Wiley & Sons Limited
Жанр: Физика
isbn: 9781119451167
isbn:
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3
Aerodynamics of horizontal axis wind turbines
Author's note on aerodynamics
To study the aerodynamics of wind turbines, some knowledge of fluid dynamics in general is necessary and, in particular, aircraft aerodynamics. Excellent text books on aerodynamics are readily available, a reference list and a further reading list are given at the end of this chapter, and any abbreviated account of the subject that could have been included in these pages would not have done it justice; recourse to text books would have been necessary anyway. Some direction on which aerodynamics topics are necessary for the study of wind turbines would, however, be useful to the reader, and a brief introduction is given in Appendix A3.
For Sections 3.2 and 3.3, a knowledge of Bernoulli's theorem for steady, incompressible flow is required together with the concept of continuity.
For Section 3.4, which may be omitted at first reading, an understanding of vortices and the flow field induced by vortices is desirable. The Biot–Savart law, which will be familiar to those with a knowledge of electric and magnetic fields, is used to determine velocities induced by vortices. The Kutta–Joukowski theorem for determining the force on a bound vortex should also be studied.
For Sections 3.5 to 3.8, a knowledge of the lift and drag of aerofoils is essential, including stalled flow.
3.1 Introduction
A wind turbine is a device for extracting kinetic energy from the wind. By removing some of its kinetic energy, the wind must slow down, but only that mass of air that passes through the rotor disc is directly affected. Assuming that the affected mass of air remains separate from the air that does not pass through the rotor disc and does not mix with it, a boundary surface can be drawn containing the affected air mass, and this boundary СКАЧАТЬ