The 1996 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

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СКАЧАТЬ live births (1996 est.)

      Life expectancy at birth: total population: 56.14 years male: 54.46 years female: 57.92 years (1996 est.)

      Total fertility rate: 3.83 children born/woman (1996 est.)

      Nationality:

       noun: Burmese (singular and plural)

       adjective: Burmese

      Ethnic divisions: Burman 68%, Shan 9%, Karen 7%, Rakhine 4%,

       Chinese 3%, Mon 2%, Indian 2%, other 5%

      Religions: Buddhist 89%, Christian 4% (Baptist 3%, Roman Catholic

       1%), Muslim 4%, animist beliefs 1%, other 2%

      Languages: Burmese, minority ethnic groups have their own languages

      Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1995 est.)

       total population: 83.1%

       male: 88.7%

       female: 77.7%

      Government—————

      Name of country:

       conventional long form: Union of Burma

       conventional short form: Burma

       local long form: Pyidaungzu Myanma Naingngandaw (translated by the

       US Government as Union of Myanma and by the Burmese as Union of

       Myanmar)

       local short form: Myanma Naingngandaw

       former: Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma

      Data code: BM

      Type of government: military regime

      Capital: Rangoon (regime refers to the capital as Yangon)

      Administrative divisions: 7 divisions* (yin-mya, singular - yin)

       and 7 states (pyine-mya, singular - pyine); Chin State, Ayeyarwady*,

       Bago*, Kachin State, Kayin State, Kayah State, Magway*, Mandalay*,

       Mon State, Rakhine State, Sagaing*, Shan State, Tanintharyi*, Yangon*

      Independence: 4 January 1948 (from UK)

      National holiday: Independence Day, 4 January (1948)

      Constitution: 3 January 1974 (suspended since 18 September 1988); national convention started on 9 January 1993 to draft a new constitution; chapter headings and three of 15 sections have been approved

      Legal system: does not accept compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

      Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal

      Executive branch:

       chief of state and head of government: Prime Minister and Chairman

       of the State Law and Order Restoration Council Gen. THAN SHWE (since

       23 April 1992)

       State Law and Order Restoration Council: military junta which

       assumed power 18 September 1988

      Legislative branch:

       People's Assembly (Pyithu Hluttaw): election last held 27 May 1990,

       but Assembly never convened; results - NLD 80%; seats - (485 total)

       NLD 396, NUP 10, other 79

      Judicial branch: limited; remnants of the British-era legal system

       in place, but there is no guarantee of a fair public trial; the

       judiciary is not independent of the executive

      Political parties and leaders: Union Solidarity and Development

       Association (USDA; pro-regime), THAN AUNG, secretary; National Unity

       Party (NUP), pro-regime, THA KYAW; National League for Democracy

       (NLD), AUNG SAN SUU KYI, general secretary; and eight minor legal

       parties

      Other political or pressure groups: National Coalition Government

       of the Union of Burma (NCGUB), headed by the elected prime minister

       SEIN WIN - consists of individuals legitimately elected to the

       People's Assembly but not recognized by the military regime; the

       group fled to a border area and joined with insurgents in December

       1990 to form a parallel government; Kachin Independence Army (KIA);

       United Wa State Army (UWSA); Karen National Union (KNU); several

       Shan factions, including the Mong Tai Army (MTA); All Burma Student

       Democratic Front (ABSDF)

      International organization participation: AsDB, CCC, CP, ESCAP,

       FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF,

       IMO, Intelsat (nonsignatory user), Interpol, IOC, ITU, Mekong Group,

       NAM, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WMO, WTrO

      Diplomatic representation in US: chief of mission: Ambassador U THAUNG chancery: 2300 S Street NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 332–9044, 9045 consulate(s) general: New York

      US diplomatic representation:

       chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Marilyn A.

       MEYERS

       embassy: 581 Merchant Street, Rangoon (GPO 521)

       mailing address: Box B, APO AP 96546

       telephone: [95] (1) 82055, 82182 (operator assistance required)

       FAX: [95] (1) 80409

      Flag: red with a blue rectangle in the upper hoist-side corner bearing, all in white, 14 five-pointed stars encircling a cogwheel containing a stalk of rice; the 14 stars represent the 14 administrative divisions

      Economy———

      Economic overview: Burma has a mixed economy with about 75% private activity, mainly in agriculture, light industry, and transport, and with about 25% state-controlled activity, mainly in energy, heavy industry, and foreign trade. Government policy in the last seven years, 1989–95, has aimed at revitalizing the economy after three decades of tight central planning. Thus, private activity has markedly increased; foreign investment has been encouraged, so far with moderate success; and efforts continue to increase the efficiency of state enterprises. СКАЧАТЬ