The 1996 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

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СКАЧАТЬ style="font-size:15px;">       female: 97%

      Government—————

      Name of country: conventional long form: Republic of Bulgaria conventional short form: Bulgaria

      Data code: BU

      Type of government: emerging democracy

      Capital: Sofia

      Administrative divisions: 9 provinces (oblasti, singular - oblast); Burgas, Grad Sofiya, Khaskovo, Lovech, Montana, Plovdiv, Ruse, Sofiya, Varna

      Independence: 22 September 1908 (from Ottoman Empire)

      National holiday: Independence Day, 3 March (1878)

      Constitution: adopted 12 July 1991

      Legal system: based on civil law system with Soviet law influence; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

      Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal and compulsory

      Executive branch:

       chief of state: President Zhelyu Mitev ZHELEV (since 1 August 1990,

       when he was elected by the National Assembly); president and vice

       president elected for five-year terms by popular vote; election last

       held NA January 1992 (next to be held NA 1997); results - Zhelyu

       ZHELEV elected by popular vote; Vice President (vacant)

       head of government: Chairman of the Council of Ministers (Prime

       Minister) Zhan VIDENOV (since 25 January 1995) appointed by the

       president; Deputy Prime Ministers Doncho KONAKCHIEV (since 25

       January 1995), Atanas PAPAKIZOV (since NA), Rumen GECHEV (since 25

       January 1995), Svetoslav SHIVAROV (since 25 January 1995)

       cabinet: Council of Ministers elected by the National Assembly

      Legislative branch: unicameral National Assembly (Narodno Sobranie): last held 18 December 1994 (next to be held NA 1997); results - BSP 43.5%, UDF 24.2%, PU 6.5%, MRF 5.4%, BBB 4.7%; seats - (240 total) BSP 125, UDF 69, PU 18, MRF 15, BBB 13

      Judicial branch: Supreme Court, chairman appointed for a seven-year term by the president; Constitutional Court, 12 justices appointed or elected for a nine-year term

      Political parties and leaders: Bulgarian Socialist Party (BSP),

       Zhan VIDENOV, chairman; Union of Democratic Forces (UDF - an

       alliance of pro-Democratic parties), Ivan KOSTOV; People's Union

       (PU), Stefan SAVOV; Movement for Rights and Freedoms (mainly ethnic

       Turkish party) (MRF), Ahmed DOGAN; Bulgarian Business Bloc (BBB),

       George GANCHEV

      Other political or pressure groups: Democratic Alliance for the

       Republic (DAR); New Union for Democracy (NUD); Ecoglasnost; Podkrepa

       Labor Confederation; Fatherland Union; Bulgarian Communist Party

       (BCP); Confederation of Independent Trade Unions of Bulgaria (KNSB);

       Bulgarian Agrarian National Union - United (BZNS); Bulgarian

       Democratic Center; "Nikola Petkov" Bulgarian Agrarian National

       Union; Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization - Union of

       Macedonian Societies (IMRO-UMS); numerous regional, ethnic, and

       national interest groups with various agendas

      International organization participation: ACCT, BIS, BSEC, CCC,

       CE, EBRD, ECE, EU (applicant), FAO, G- 9, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU,

       ICRM, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarset, Intelsat (nonsignatory

       user), Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, NACC, NAM (guest), NSG, OSCE,

       PCA, PFP, UN, UNAVEM III, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMOT, UPU, WEU

       (associate partner), WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO (applicant), ZC

      Diplomatic representation in US: chief of mission: Ambassador Snezhana Damianova BOTUSHAROVA chancery: 1621 22nd Street NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 387–7969 FAX: [1] (202) 234–7973

      US diplomatic representation:

       chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant)

       embassy: 1 Saborna Street, Sofia

       mailing address: Unit 1335, APO AE 09213–1335

       telephone: [359] (2) 88–48-01 through 05

       FAX: [359] (2) 80–19-77

      Flag: three equal horizontal bands of white (top), green, and red;

       the national emblem formerly on the hoist side of the white stripe

       has been removed - it contained a rampant lion within a wreath of

       wheat ears below a red five-pointed star and above a ribbon bearing

       the dates 681 (first Bulgarian state established) and 1944

       (liberation from Nazi control)

      Economy———

      Economic overview: One of the poorest countries of central Europe, Bulgaria has continued the difficult process of moving from its old command economy to a modern, market-oriented economy. GDP rose a moderate 2.4% in 1995; inflation was down sharply; and unemployment fell from an estimated 16% to 12%. Despite this progress, structural reforms necessary to underpin macroeconomic stabilization were not pursued vigorously. Mass privatization of state-owned industry continued to move slowly, although privatization of small-scale industry, particularly in the retail and service sectors, accelerated. The Bulgarian economy will continue to grow in 1996, but economic reforms will remain politically difficult as the population has become weary of the process.

      GDP: purchasing power parity - $43.2 billion (1995 est.)

      GDP real growth rate: 2.4% (1995 est.)

      GDP per capita: $4,920 (1995 est.)

      GDP composition by sector: agriculture: 12% industry: 36% services: 52% (1994)

      Inflation rate (consumer prices): 35% (1995)

      Labor force: 3.1 million by occupation: industry 41%, agriculture 18%, other 41% (1992)

      Unemployment rate: 11.9% (1995 est.)

      Budget:

       revenues: $3.8 billion

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