The 1996 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

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      Branches: Land Forces, Navy, Air Force, Royal Brunei Police

      Manpower availability: males age 15–49: 83,641 males fit for military service: 48,559 males reach military age (18) annually: 2,918 (1996 est.)

      Defense expenditures: exchange rate conversion - $312 million, 6.2% of GDP (1994)

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      @Bulgaria————

      Map—

      Location: 43 00 N, 25 00 E—Southeastern Europe, bordering the

       Black Sea, between Romania and Turkey

      Flag——

      Description: three equal horizontal bands of white (top), green, and red; the national emblem formerly on the hoist side of the white stripe has been removed - it contained a rampant lion within a wreath of wheat ears below a red five-pointed star and above a ribbon bearing the dates 681 (first Bulgarian state established) and 1944 (liberation from Nazi control)

      Geography————

      Location: Southeastern Europe, bordering the Black Sea, between

       Romania and Turkey

      Geographic coordinates: 43 00 N, 25 00 E

      Map references: Europe

      Area:

       total area: 110,910 sq km

       land area: 110,550 sq km

       comparative area: slightly larger than Tennessee

      Land boundaries:

       total: 1,808 km

       border countries: Greece 494 km, The Former Yugoslav Republic of

       Macedonia 148 km, Romania 608 km, Serbia and Montenegro 318 km (all

       with Serbia), Turkey 240 km

      Coastline: 354 km

      Maritime claims: contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 12 nm

      International disputes: none

      Climate: temperate; cold, damp winters; hot, dry summers

      Terrain: mostly mountains with lowlands in north and southeast lowest point: Black Sea 0 m highest point: Musala 2,925 m

      Natural resources: bauxite, copper, lead, zinc, coal, timber,

       arable land

      Land use:

       arable land: 34%

       permanent crops: 3%

       meadows and pastures: 18%

       forest and woodland: 35%

       other: 10%

      Irrigated land: 10 sq km (1989 est.)

      Environment:

       current issues: air pollution from industrial emissions; rivers

       polluted from raw sewage, heavy metals, detergents; deforestation;

       forest damage from air pollution and resulting acid rain; soil

       contamination from heavy metals from metallurgical plants and

       industrial wastes

       natural hazards: earthquakes, landslides

       international agreements: party to - Air Pollution, Air

       Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Antarctic

       Treaty, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental

       Modification, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship

       Pollution, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Air

       Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds,

       Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Biodiversity, Law of the Sea

      Geographic note: strategic location near Turkish Straits; controls

       key land routes from Europe to Middle East and Asia

      People———

      Population: 8,612,757 (July 1996 est.)

      Age structure:

       0–14 years: 17% (male 769,025; female 732,119)

       15–64 years: 68% (male 2,891,197; female 2,923,440)

       65 years and over: 15% (male 561,944; female 735,032) (July 1996

       est.)

      Population growth rate: 0.46% (1996 est.)

      Birth rate: 8.33 births/1,000 population (1996 est.)

      Death rate: 13.55 deaths/1,000 population (1996 est.)

      Net migration rate: 9.81 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1996 est.)

      Sex ratio:

       at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female

       under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female

       15–64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female

       65 years and over: 0.76 male(s)/female

       all ages: 0.96 male(s)/female (1996 est.)

      Infant mortality rate: 15.7 deaths/1,000 live births (1996 est.)

      Life expectancy at birth: total population: 71 years male: 67.07 years female: 75.12 years (1996 est.)

      Total fertility rate: 1.17 children born/woman (1996 est.)

      Nationality: noun: Bulgarian(s) adjective: Bulgarian

      Ethnic divisions: Bulgarian 85.3%, Turk 8.5%, Gypsy 2.6%,

       Macedonian 2.5%, Armenian 0.3%, Russian 0.2%, other 0.6%

      Religions: Bulgarian Orthodox 85%, Muslim 13%, Jewish 0.8%, Roman

       Catholic 0.5%, Uniate Catholic 0.2%, Protestant, Gregorian-Armenian,

       and other 0.5%

      Languages: Bulgarian, secondary languages closely correspond to

       ethnic breakdown

      Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1992 est.)

       total population: 98%

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