The 1994 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

Чтение книги онлайн.

       difficult transition to a more open-market economy. The economy

       rebounded in 1993 after a severe depression accompanying the collapse

       of the previous centrally planned system in 1990 and 1991.

       Stabilization policies, including public sector layoffs and reduced

       social services, have improved the government's fiscal situation and

       reduced inflation. The recovery was spurred by the remittances of some

       5% of the population which works abroad, mostly in Greece and Italy.

       Foreign assistance and humanitarian aid also supported the recovery.

       Most agricultural land was privatized in 1992, substantially improving

       peasant incomes. Albania's limited industrial sector, now less than

       one-sixth of GDP, continued to decline in 1993. A sharp fall in

       chromium prices reduced hard currency receipts from the mining sector.

       Large segments of the population, especially those living in urban

       areas, continue to depend on humanitarian aid to meet basic food

       requirements. Unemployment remains a severe problem accounting for

       approximately one-fifth of the work force. Growth is expected to

       continue in 1994, but could falter if Albania becomes involved in the

       conflict in the former Yugoslavia, workers' remittances from Greece

       are reduced, or foreign assistance declines.

       National product:

       GDP - purchasing power equivalent - $3.3 billion (1993 est.)

       National product real growth rate:

       11% (1993)

       National product per capita:

       $1,100 (1993 est.)

       Inflation rate (consumer prices):

       31% (1993 est.)

       Unemployment rate:

       18% (1993 est.)

       Budget:

       revenues:

       $1.1 billion

       expenditures:

       $1.4 billion, including capital expenditures of $70 million (1991

       est.)

       Exports:

       $70 million (f.o.b., 1992)

       commodities:

       asphalt, metals and metallic ores, electricity, crude oil, vegetables,

       fruits, tobacco

       partners:

       Italy, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Germany, Greece,

       Czechoslovakia, Poland, Romania, Bulgaria, Hungary

       Imports:

       $524 million (f.o.b., 1992)

       commodities:

       machinery, consumer goods, grains

       partners:

       Italy, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Germany,

       Czechoslovakia, Romania, Poland, Hungary, Bulgaria, Greece

       External debt:

       $724 million (1993 est.)

       Industrial production:

       growth rate −10% (1993 est.); accounts for 16% of GDP (1993 est.)

       Electricity:

       capacity:

       1,690,000 kW

       production:

       5 billion kWh

       consumption per capita:

       1,520 kWh (1992)

       Industries:

       food processing, textiles and clothing, lumber, oil, cement,

       chemicals, mining, basic metals, hydropower

       Agriculture:

       accounts for 55% of GDP; arable land per capita among lowest in

       Europe; 80% of arable land now in private hands; one-half of work

       force engaged in farming; produces wide range of temperate-zone crops

       and livestock

       Illicit drugs:

       transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin transiting the Balkan

       route; limited opium production

       Economic aid:

       recipient:

       $190 million humanitarian aid; $94 million in loans/guarantees/credits

       Currency:

       1 lek (L) = 100 qintars

       Exchange rates:

       leke (L) per US$1 - 99 (January 1994), 97 (January 1993), 50 (January

       1992), 25 (September 1991)

       Fiscal year:

       calendar year

      @Albania, Communications

      Railroads:

       543 km total; 509 km 1.435-meter standard gauge, single track and 34

       km narrow gauge, single track (1990); line connecting Titograd (Serbia

       and Montenegro) and Shkoder (Albania) completed August 1986

       Highways:

       total:

       16,700 km

       paved:

       6,700 km

       unpaved:

       earth 10,000 km (1990)

       Inland waterways:

       43 km plus Albanian sections of Lake Scutari, Lake Ohrid, and Lake

       СКАЧАТЬ