The 1999 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

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СКАЧАТЬ km; petroleum products 1,350 km;

       natural gas 830 km; natural gas liquids 125 km

      Ports and harbors: Bahia de Portete, Barranquilla, Buenaventura,

       Cartagena, Leticia, Puerto Bolivar, San Andres, Santa Marta, Tumaco,

       Turbo

      Merchant marine:

       total: 14 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 64,7575 GRT/84,518 DWT

       ships by type: bulk 4, cargo 5, container 1, multifunction

       large-load carrier 2, oil tanker 2 (1998 est.)

      Airports: 1,120 (1998 est.)

      Airports—with paved runways: total: 89 over 3,047 m: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 9 1,524 to 2,437 m: 36 914 to 1,523 m: 35 under 914 m: 7 (1998 est.)

      Airports—with unpaved runways: total: 1,031 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 63 914 to 1,523 m: 339 under 914 m: 628 (1998 est.)

      Military

      Military branches: Army (Ejercito Nacional), Navy (Armada

       Nacional, includes Marines and Coast Guard), Air Force (Fuerza Aerea

       Colombiana), National Police (Policia Nacional)

      Military manpower—military age: 18 years of age

      Military manpower—availability:

       males age 15–49: 10,418,211 (1999 est.)

      Military manpower—fit for military service:

       males age 15–49: 6,980,700 (1999 est.)

      Military manpower—reaching military age annually:

       males: 360,820 (1999 est.)

      Military expenditures—dollar figure: $4 billion (1998)

      Military expenditures—percent of GDP: 4.2% (1998)

      Transnational Issues

      Disputes—international: maritime boundary dispute with Venezuela in the Gulf of Venezuela; territorial disputes with Nicaragua over Archipelago de San Andres y Providencia and Quita Sueno Bank

      Illicit drugs: illicit producer of coca, opium poppies, and cannabis; cultivation of coca in 1997—79,500 hectares, an 18% increase over 1996; potential production of cocaine in 1997—125 metric tons, a 14% increase over 1996; cultivation of opium in 1997—6,600 hectares, a 5% increase over 1996; potential production of opium in 1997—66 metric tons, a 5% increase over 1996; the world's largest processor of coca derivatives into cocaine; supplier of cocaine to the US and other international drug markets; active aerial eradication program seeks to virtually eliminate coca and opium crops

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      @Comoros———

      Introduction

      Background: Comoros has had difficulty in achieving political stability, having endured 18 coups or attempted coups since receiving independence from France in 1975. Most recently, in August 1997, the islands of Anjouan and Moheli declared their independence from Comoros. An attempt in September 1997 by the government to reestablish control over the rebellious islands by force failed, and presently the Organization of African Unity is brokering negotiations to effect a reconciliation.

      Geography

      Location: Southern Africa, group of islands in the Mozambique

       Channel, about two-thirds of the way between northern Madagascar and

       northern Mozambique

      Geographic coordinates: 12 10 S, 44 15 E

      Map references: Africa

      Area:

       total: 2,170 sq km

       land: 2,170 sq km

       water: 0 sq km

      Area—comparative: slightly more than 12 times the size of

       Washington, DC

      Land boundaries: 0 km

      Coastline: 340 km

      Maritime claims: exclusive economic zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 12 nm

      Climate: tropical marine; rainy season (November to May)

      Terrain: volcanic islands, interiors vary from steep mountains to low hills

      Elevation extremes: lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: Le Kartala 2,360 m

      Natural resources: NEGL

      Land use:

       arable land: 35%

       permanent crops: 10%

       permanent pastures: 7%

       forests and woodland: 18%

       other: 30% (1993 est.)

      Irrigated land: NA sq km

      Natural hazards: cyclones possible during rainy season (December to April); Le Kartala on Grand Comore is an active volcano

      Environment—current issues: soil degradation and erosion results from crop cultivation on slopes without proper terracing; deforestation

      Environment—international agreements:

       party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered

       Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection

       signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

      Geography—note: important location at northern end of Mozambique

       Channel

      People

      Population: 562,723 (July 1999 est.)

      Age structure:

       0–14 years: 43% (male 120,397; female 119,945)

       15–64 years: 54% (male 150,851; female 154,990)

       65 years and over: 3% (male 7,878; female 8,662) (1999 est.)

      Population growth rate: 3.11% (1999 est.)

      Birth rate: 40.29 births/1,000 population (1999 est.)

      Death rate: 9.23 deaths/1,000 population (1999 est.)

      Net migration rate: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1999 est.)

      Sex ratio:

       at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female

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