The 1990 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

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СКАЧАТЬ main crops—rice, rubber, corn; food shortages—rice, meat, vegetables, dairy products, sugar, flour

      Aid: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70–88), $719 million; Western (non-US) countries (1970–85), $270 million; Communist countries (1970–88), $950 million

      Currency: riel (plural—riels); 1 riel (CR) = 100 sen

      Exchange rates: riels (CR) per US$1—218 (November 1989) 100.00 (1987), 30.00 (1986), 7.00 (1985)

      Fiscal year: calendar year

      - Communications

       Railroads: 612 km 1.000-meter gauge, government owned

      Highways: 13,351 km total; 2,622 km bituminous; 7,105 km crushed stone, gravel, or improved earth; 3,624 km unimproved earth; some roads in disrepair

      Inland waterways: 3,700 km navigable all year to craft drawing 0.6 meters; 282 km navigable to craft drawing 1.8 meters

      Ports: Kampong Saom, Phnom Penh

      Airports: 22 total, 9 usable; 6 with permanent-surface runways; none with runways over 3,659 m; 2 with runways 2,440–3,659 m; 4 with runways 1,220–2,439 m

      Telecommunications: service barely adequate for government requirements and virtually nonexistent for general public; international service limited to Vietnam and other adjacent countries; stations—1 AM, no FM, 1 TV

      - Defense Forces

       Branches: PRK—People's Republic of Kampuchea Armed Forces;

       Communist resistance forces—National Army of Democratic Kampuchea

       (Khmer Rouge); non-Communist resistance forces—Sihanoukist National

       Army (ANS) and Khmer People's National Liberation Front (KPNLF)

      Military manpower: males 15–49, 1,857,129; 1,025,456 fit for military service; 61,649 reach military age (18) annually

      Defense expenditures: NA

      ——————————————————————————

       Country: Cameroon

       - Geography

       Total area: 475,440 km2; land area: 469,440 km2

      Comparative area: slightly larger than California

      Land boundaries: 4,591 km total; Central African Republic 797 km,

       Chad 1,094 km, Congo 523 km, Equatorial Guinea 189 km, Gabon 298 km,

       Nigeria 1,690 km

      Coastline: 402 km

      Maritime claims:

      Continental shelf: not specific;

      Territorial sea: 50 nm

      Disputes: exact locations of the Chad-Niger-Nigeria and Cameroon-Chad-Nigeria tripoints in Lake Chad have not been determined, so the boundary has not been demarcated and border incidents have resulted; Nigerian proposals to reopen maritime boundary negotiations and redemarcate the entire land boundary have been rejected by Cameroon

      Climate: varies with terrain from tropical along coast to semiarid and hot in north

      Terrain: diverse with coastal plain in southwest, dissected plateau in center, mountains in west, plains in north

      Natural resources: crude oil, bauxite, iron ore, timber, hydropower potential

      Land use: 13% arable land; 2% permanent crops; 18% meadows and pastures; 54% forest and woodland; 13% other; includes NEGL% irrigated

      Environment: recent volcanic activity with release of poisonous gases; deforestation; overgrazing; desertification

      Note: sometimes referred to as the hinge of Africa

      - People

       Population: 11,092,470 (July 1990), growth rate 2.7% (1990)

      Birth rate: 42 births/1,000 population (1990)

      Death rate: 15 deaths/1,000 population (1990)

      Net migration rate: 0 migrants/1,000 population (1990)

      Infant mortality rate: 120 deaths/1,000 live births (1990)

      Life expectancy at birth: 49 years male, 53 years female (1990)

      Total fertility rate: 5.7 children born/woman (1990)

      Nationality: noun—Cameroonian(s); adjective—Cameroonian

      Ethnic divisions: over 200 tribes of widely differing background; 31%

       Cameroon Highlanders, 19% Equatorial Bantu, 11% Kirdi, 10% Fulani, 8%

       Northwestern Bantu, 7% Eastern Nigritic, 13% other African, less than 1%

       non-African

      Religion: 51% indigenous beliefs, 33% Christian, 16% Muslim

      Language: English and French (official), 24 major African language groups

      Literacy: 56.2%

      Labor force: NA; 74.4% agriculture, 11.4% industry and transport, 14.2% other services (1983); 50% of population of working age (15–64 years) (1985)

      Organized labor: under 45% of wage labor force

      - Government

       Long-form name: Republic of Cameroon

      Type: unitary republic; one-party presidential regime

      Capital: Yaounde

      Administrative divisions: 10 provinces; Adamaoua, Centre, Est,

       Extreme-Nord, Littoral, Nord, Nord-Ouest, Ouest, Sud, Sud-Ouest

      Independence: 1 January 1960 (from UN trusteeship under

       French administration; formerly French Cameroon)

      Constitution: 20 May 1972

      Legal system: based on French civil law system, with common law influence; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

      National holiday: National Day, 20 May (1972)

      Executive branch: president, Cabinet

      Legislative branch: unicameral National Assembly (Assemblee Nationale)

      Judicial branch: Supreme Court

      Leaders: Chief of State and Head of Government President Paul BIYA (since 6 November 1982)

      Political parties and leaders: only party—Cameroon People's

       Democratic Movement (RDPC), СКАЧАТЬ