The 1990 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

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СКАЧАТЬ by party NA; seats—(34 total, 30 elected) BDP 31, BNF 3

      Communists: no known Communist organization; Koma of BNF has long history of Communist contacts

      Member of: ACP, AfDB, CCC, Commonwealth, FAO, G-77, GATT (de facto), IBRD,

       ICAO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, INTERPOL, ITU, NAM, OAU, Southern African

       Customs Union, SADCC, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO

      Diplomatic representation: Ambassador Botsweletse Kingsley SEBELE; Chancery at Suite 404, 4301 Connecticut Avenue NW, Washington DC 20008; telephone (202) 244–4990 or 4991; US—Ambassador-designate David PASSAGE; Deputy Chief of Mission Johnnie CARSON; Embassy at Botswana Road, Gaborone (mailing address is P. O. Box 90, Gaborone); telephone p267o 353982 through 353984

      Flag: light blue with a horizontal white-edged black stripe in the center

      - Economy Overview: The economy has historically been based on cattle raising and crops. Agriculture today provides a livelihood for over 80% of the population, but produces only about 50% of food needs and contributes a small 5% to GDP. The driving force behind the rapid economic growth of the 1970s and 1980s has been the mining industry. This sector, mostly on the strength of diamonds, has gone from generating 25% of GDP in 1980 to over 50% in 1988. No other sector has experienced such growth, especially not that of the agricultural sector, which is plagued by erratic rainfall and poor soils. The unemployment rate remains a problem at 25%. A scarce resource base limits diversification into labor-intensive industries.

      GDP: $1.87 billion, per capita $1,600; real growth rate 8.4%

       (FY88)

      Inflation rate (consumer prices): 11.45% (1989)

      Unemployment rate: 25% (1987)

      Budget: revenues $1,235 million; expenditures $1,080 million, including capital expenditures of NA (FY90 est.)

      Exports: $1.3 billion (f.o.b., 1988); commodities—diamonds 88%, copper and nickel 5%, meat 4%, cattle, animal products; partners—Switzerland, US, UK, other EC-associated members of Southern African Customs Union

      Imports: $1.1 billion (c.i.f., 1988); commodities—foodstuffs, vehicles, textiles, petroleum products; partners—Switzerland, US, UK, other EC-associated members of Southern African Customs Union

      External debt: $700 million (December 1989 est.)

      Industrial production: growth rate 16.8% (FY86)

      Electricity: 217,000 kW capacity; 630 million kWh produced, 510 kWh per capita (1989)

      Industries: livestock processing; mining of diamonds, copper, nickel, coal, salt, soda ash, potash; tourism

      Agriculture: accounts for only 5% of GDP; subsistence farming predominates; cattle raising supports 50% of the population; must import large share of food needs

      Aid: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70–88), $242 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970–87), $1.6 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979–89), $43 million; Communist countries (1970–88), $24 million

      Currency: pula (plural—pula); 1 pula (P) = 100 thebe

      Exchange rates: pula (P) per US$1—1.8734 (January 1990), 2.0125 (1989), 1.8159 (1988), 1.6779 (1987), 1.8678 (1986), 1.8882 (1985)

      Fiscal year: 1 April-31 March

      - Communications

       Railroads: 712 km 1.0 67-meter gauge

      Highways: 11,514 km total; 1,600 km paved; 1,700 km crushed stone or gravel, 5,177 km improved earth, 3,037 km unimproved earth

      Civil air: 6 major transport aircraft

      Airports: 99 total, 87 usable; 8 with permanent-surface runways; none with runways over 3,659 m; 2 with runways 2,440–3,659 m; 23 with runways 1,220–2,439 m

      Telecommunications: the small system is a combination of open-wire lines, radio relay links, and a few radiocommunication stations; 17,900 telephones; stations—2 AM, 3 FM, no TV; 1 Indian Ocean INTELSAT earth station

      - Defense Forces

       Branches: Army, Air Wing, Botswana Police

      Military manpower: males 15–49, 249,480; 131,304 fit for military service; 14,363 reach military age (18) annually

      Defense expenditures: 2.2% of GNP (1987)—————————————————————————— Country: Bouvet Island (territory of Norway) - Geography Total area: 58 km2; land area: 58 km2

      Comparative area: about 0.3 times the size of Washington, DC

      Land boundaries: none

      Coastline: 29.6 km

      Maritime claims:

      Contiguous zone: 10 nm;

      Continental shelf: 200 meters or to depth of exploitation;

      Extended economic zone: 200 nm;

      Territorial sea: 4 nm

      Climate: antarctic

      Terrain: volcanic; maximum elevation about 800 meters; coast is mostly inacessible

      Natural resources: none

      Land use: 0% arable land; 0% permanent crops; 0% meadows and pastures; 0% forest and woodland; 100% other

      Environment: covered by glacial ice

      Note: located in the South Atlantic Ocean 2,575 km south-southwest of the Cape of Good Hope, South Africa

      - People

       Population: uninhabited

      - Government

       Long-form name: none

      Type: territory of Norway

      - Economy

       Overview: no economic activity

      - Communications

       Ports: none; offshore anchorage only

      Telecommunications: automatic meteorological station

      - Defense Forces

       Note: defense is the responsibility of Norway

      ——————————————————————————

       Country: Brazil

       - Geography

       Total area: 8,511,965 km2; land area: 8,456,510 km2; includes

       Arquipelago de Fernando de Noronha, Atol das Rocas, Ilha da Trindade,

       Ilhas Martin Vaz, and Penedos СКАЧАТЬ