The 1990 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

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СКАЧАТЬ (1985)

      Fiscal year: calendar year

      - Communications Railroads: 3,675 km total; 3,643 km 1.000-meter gauge and 32 km 0.760-meter gauge, all government owned, single track

      Highways: 38,836 km total; 1,300 km paved, 6,700 km gravel, 30,836 km improved and unimproved earth

      Inland waterways: 10,000 km of commercially navigable waterways

      Pipelines: crude oil 1,800 km; refined products 580 km; natural gas 1,495 km

      Ports: none; maritime outlets are Arica and Antofagasta in Chile and

       Matarani in Peru

      Merchant marine: 2 cargo ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 14,051

       GRT/22,155 DWT; note—1 is owned by the Bolivian Navy

      Civil air: 56 major transport aircraft

      Airports: 636 total, 551 usable; 9 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runways over 3,659 m; 8 with runways 2,440–3,659 m; 110 with runways 1,220–2,439 m

      Telecommunications: radio relay system being expanded; improved international services; 144,300 telephones; stations—129 AM, no FM, 43 TV, 68 shortwave; 1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT earth station

      - Defense Forces Branches: Bolivian Army, Bolivian Navy, Bolivian Air Force (literally, the Army of the Nation, the Navy of the Nation, the Air Force of the Nation)

      Military manpower: males 15–49, 1,629,154; 1,060,187 fit for military service; 70,528 reach military age (19) annually

      Defense expenditures: 3% of GNP (1987)

      ——————————————————————————

       Country: Botswana

       - Geography

       Total area: 600,370 km2; land area: 585,370 km2

      Comparative area: slightly smaller than Texas

      Land boundaries: 4,013 km total; Namibia 1,360 km, South Africa 1,840 km,

       Zimbabwe 813 km

      Coastline: none—landlocked

      Maritime claims: none—landlocked

      Disputes: short section of the boundary with Namibia is indefinite; quadripoint with Namibia, Zambia, and Zimbabwe is in disagreement

      Climate: semiarid; warm winters and hot summers

      Terrain: predominately flat to gently rolling tableland; Kalahari Desert in southwest

      Natural resources: diamonds, copper, nickel, salt, soda ash, potash, coal, iron ore, silver, natural gas

      Land use: 2% arable land; 0% permanent crops; 75% meadows and pastures; 2% forest and woodland; 21% other; includes NEGL% irrigated

      Environment: rains in early 1988 broke six years of drought that had severely affected the important cattle industry; overgrazing; desertification

      Note: landlocked; very long boundary with South Africa

      - People

       Population: 1,224,527 (July 1990), growth rate 2.8% (1990)

      Birth rate: 37 births/1,000 population (1990)

      Death rate: 9 deaths/1,000 population (1990)

      Net migration rate: 0 migrants/1,000 population (1990)

      Infant mortality rate: 43 deaths/1,000 live births (1990)

      Life expectancy at birth: 58 years male, 64 years female (1990)

      Total fertility rate: 4.8 children born/woman (1990)

      Nationality: noun and adjective—Motswana (singular), Batswana (plural)

      Ethnic divisions: 95% Batswana; about 4% Kalanga, Basarwa, and Kgalagadi; about 1% white

      Religion: 50% indigenous beliefs, 50% Christian

      Language: English (official), Setswana

      Literacy: 60%

      Labor force: 400,000; 163,000 formal sector employees, most others are engaged in cattle raising and subsistence agriculture (1988 est.); 19,000 are employed in various mines in South Africa (1988)

      Organized labor: 19 trade unions

      - Government

       Long-form name: Republic of Botswana

      Type: parliamentary republic

      Capital: Gaborone

      Administrative divisions: 10 districts; Central, Chobe, Ghanzi,

       Kgalagadi, Kgatleng, Kweneng, Ngamiland, North-East, South-East, Southern;

       note—in addition, there may now be 4 town councils named Francistown,

       Gaborone, Lobaste, Selebi-Pikwe

      Independence: 30 September 1966 (from UK; formerly Bechuanaland)

      Constitution: March 1965, effective 30 September 1966

      Legal system: based on Roman-Dutch law and local customary law; judicial review limited to matters of interpretation; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

      National holiday: Botswana Day, 30 September (1966)

      Executive branch: president, vice president, Cabinet

      Legislative branch: bicameral Parliament consists of an upper house or

       House of Chiefs and a lower house or National Assembly

      Judicial branch: High Court, Court of Appeal

      Leaders: Chief of State and Head of Government—President Quett K. J. MASIRE (since 13 July 1980); Vice President Peter S. MMUSI (since 3 January 1983)

      Political parties and leaders: Botswana Democratic Party (BDP), Quett

       Masire; Botswana National Front (BNF), Kenneth Koma; Botswana People's Party

       (BPP), Knight Maripe; Botswana Independence Party (BIP), Motsamai Mpho;

       Botswana Progressive Union (BPU), Daniel Kwele

      Suffrage: universal at age 21

      Elections:

       President—last held 7 October 1989 (next to be held October

       1994);

       results—President Quett K. J. Masire was reelected by the National

       Assembly;

      National СКАЧАТЬ