The 2010 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

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СКАЧАТЬ 283,561 sq km country comparison to the world: 73 land: 276,841 sq km

      water: 6,720 sq km

      note: includes Galapagos Islands

      Area - comparative:

      slightly smaller than Nevada

      Land boundaries:

      total: 2,010 km

      border countries: Colombia 590 km, Peru 1,420 km

      Coastline:

      2,237 km

      Maritime claims:

      territorial sea: 200 nm

      continental shelf: 100 nm from 2,500-m isobath

      Climate:

      tropical along coast, becoming cooler inland at higher elevations; tropical in Amazonian jungle lowlands

      Terrain:

      coastal plain (costa), inter-Andean central highlands (sierra), and flat to rolling eastern jungle (oriente)

      Elevation extremes:

      lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m

      highest point: Chimborazo 6,267 m

      note: due to the fact that the earth is not a perfect sphere and has an equatorial bulge, the highest point on the planet furthest from its center is Mount Chimborazo not Mount Everest, which is merely the highest peak above sea-level

      Natural resources:

      petroleum, fish, timber, hydropower

      Land use:

      arable land: 5.71%

      permanent crops: 4.81%

      other: 89.48% (2005)

      Irrigated land:

      8,650 sq km (2003)

      Total renewable water resources:

      432 cu km (2000)

      Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural):

      total: 16.98 cu km/yr (12%/5%/82%)

      per capita: 1,283 cu m/yr (2000)

      Natural hazards:

      frequent earthquakes; landslides; volcanic activity; floods; periodic droughts

      volcanism: Ecuador experiences volcanic activity in the Andes Mountains; Sangay (elev. 5,230 m, 17,159 ft), which erupted in 2010, is mainland Ecuador's most active volcano; other historically active volcanoes in the Andes include Antisana, Cayambe, Chacana, Cotopaxi, Guagua Pichincha, Reventador, Sumaco, and Tungurahua; Fernandina (elev. 1,476 m, 4,842 ft), a shield volcano that last erupted in 2009, is the most active of the many Galapagos volcanoes; other historically active Galapagos volcanoes include Wolf, Sierra Negra, Cerro Azul, Pinta, Marchena, and Santiago

      Environment - current issues:

      deforestation; soil erosion; desertification; water pollution; pollution from oil production wastes in ecologically sensitive areas of the Amazon Basin and Galapagos Islands

      Environment - international agreements:

      party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic Treaty,

       Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol,

       Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer

       Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94,

       Wetlands

      signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

      Geography - note:

      Cotopaxi in Andes is highest active volcano in world

      People ::Ecuador

      Population:

      14,790,608 (July 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 65

      Age structure:

      0–14 years: 31.1% (male 2,312,610/female 2,220,378)

      15–64 years: 62.7% (male 4,506,908/female 4,636,703)

      65 years and over: 6.2% (male 432,144/female 464,358) (2010 est.)

      Median age:

      total: 25.3 years

      male: 24.7 years

      female: 25.9 years (2010 est.)

      Population growth rate:

      1.466% (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 83

      Birth rate:

      20.32 births/1,000 population (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 90

      Death rate:

      5 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 186

      Net migration rate:

      −0.66 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 147

      Urbanization:

      urban population: 66% of total population (2008)

      rate of urbanization: 2.1% annual rate of change (2005–10 est.)

      Sex ratio:

      at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female

      under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female

      15–64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female

      65 years and over: 0.93 male(s)/female

      total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2010 est.)

      Infant mortality rate:

      total: 20.26 deaths/1,000 live births country comparison to the world: 100 male: 23.7 deaths/1,000 live births

      female: 16.66 deaths/1,000 live births (2010 est.)

      Life expectancy at birth:

      total population: 75.52 years country comparison to the world: 81 male: 72.58 years

      female: 78.6 years (2010 est.)

      Total fertility rate:

      2.46 СКАЧАТЬ