The 2010 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

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СКАЧАТЬ (Europe)

      Introduction ::Croatia

      Background:

      The lands that today comprise Croatia were part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire until the close of World War I. In 1918, the Croats, Serbs, and Slovenes formed a kingdom known after 1929 as Yugoslavia. Following World War II, Yugoslavia became a federal independent Communist state under the strong hand of Marshal TITO. Although Croatia declared its independence from Yugoslavia in 1991, it took four years of sporadic, but often bitter, fighting before occupying Serb armies were mostly cleared from Croatian lands. Under UN supervision, the last Serb-held enclave in eastern Slavonia was returned to Croatia in 1998. In April 2009, Croatia joined NATO; it is a candidate for eventual EU accession.

      Geography ::Croatia

      Location:

      Southeastern Europe, bordering the Adriatic Sea, between Bosnia and

       Herzegovina and Slovenia

      Geographic coordinates:

      45 10 N, 15 30 E

      Map references:

      Europe

      Area:

      total: 56,594 sq km country comparison to the world: 126 land: 55,974 sq km

      water: 620 sq km

      Area - comparative:

      slightly smaller than West Virginia

      Land boundaries:

      total: 1,982 km

      border countries: Bosnia and Herzegovina 932 km, Hungary 329 km, Serbia 241 km, Montenegro 25 km, Slovenia 455 km

      Coastline:

      5,835 km (mainland 1,777 km, islands 4,058 km)

      Maritime claims:

      territorial sea: 12 nm

      continental shelf: 200 m depth or to the depth of exploitation

      Climate:

      Mediterranean and continental; continental climate predominant with hot summers and cold winters; mild winters, dry summers along coast

      Terrain:

      geographically diverse; flat plains along Hungarian border, low mountains and highlands near Adriatic coastline and islands

      Elevation extremes:

      lowest point: Adriatic Sea 0 m

      highest point: Dinara 1,831 m

      Natural resources:

      oil, some coal, bauxite, low-grade iron ore, calcium, gypsum, natural asphalt, silica, mica, clays, salt, hydropower

      Land use:

      arable land: 25.82%

      permanent crops: 2.19%

      other: 71.99% (2005)

      Irrigated land:

      110 sq km (2003)

      Total renewable water resources:

      105.5 cu km (1998)

      Natural hazards:

      destructive earthquakes

      Environment - current issues:

      air pollution (from metallurgical plants) and resulting acid rain is damaging the forests; coastal pollution from industrial and domestic waste; landmine removal and reconstruction of infrastructure consequent to 1992–95 civil strife

      Environment - international agreements:

      party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air

       Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94,

       Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Biodiversity, Climate

       Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered

       Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone

       Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling

      signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

      Geography - note:

      controls most land routes from Western Europe to Aegean Sea and Turkish Straits; most Adriatic Sea islands lie off the coast of Croatia - some 1,200 islands, islets, ridges, and rocks

      People ::Croatia

      Population:

      4,486,881 (July 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 123

      Age structure:

      0–14 years: 15.6% (male 358,360/female 340,098)

      15–64 years: 67.5% (male 1,506,364/female 1,522,789)

      65 years and over: 17% (male 295,960/female 465,838) (2010 est.)

      Median age:

      total: 41.2 years

      male: 39.3 years

      female: 43 years (2010 est.)

      Population growth rate:

      −0.061% (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 204

      Birth rate:

      9.63 births/1,000 population (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 201

      Death rate:

      11.83 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 33

      Net migration rate:

      1.59 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 46

      Urbanization:

      urban population: 57% of total population (2008)

      rate of urbanization: 0.4% annual rate of change (2005–10 est.)

      Sex ratio:

      at birth: 1.055 male(s)/female

      under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female

      15–64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female

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