The 1997 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

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СКАЧАТЬ expenditures - percent of GDP: NA%

      Transnational Issues

      Disputes - international: demarcation of international boundaries in vicinity of Lake Chad, the lack of which led to border incidents in the past, is completed and awaits ratification by Cameroon, Chad, Niger, and Nigeria; dispute with Nigeria over land and maritime boundaries in the vicinity of the Bakasi Peninsula has been referred to the International Court of Justice ______________________________________________________________________

      CANADA

      @Canada:Geography

      Location: Northern North America, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean and North Pacific Ocean, north of the conterminous US

      Geographic coordinates: 60 00 N, 95 00 W

      Map references: North America

      Area: total: 9,976,140 sq km land: 9,220,970 sq km water: 755,170 sq km

      Area - comparative: slightly larger than US

      Land boundaries: total: 8,893 km border countries: US 8,893 km (includes 2,477 km with Alaska)

      Coastline: 243,791 km

      Maritime claims: continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 12 nm

      Climate: varies from temperate in south to subarctic and arctic in north

      Terrain: mostly plains with mountains in west and lowlands in southeast

      Elevation extremes: lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Mount Logan 5,950 m

      Natural resources: nickel, zinc, copper, gold, lead, molybdenum, potash, silver, fish, timber, wildlife, coal, petroleum, natural gas

      Land use: arable land: 5% permanent crops: 0% permanent pastures : 3% forests and woodland: 54% other: 38% (1993 est.)

      Irrigated land: 7,100 sq km (1993 est.)

      Natural hazards: continuous permafrost in north is a serious obstacle to development; cyclonic storms form east of the Rocky Mountains, a result of the mixing of air masses from the Arctic, Pacific, and North American interior, and produce most of the country's rain and snow

      Environment - current issues: air pollution and resulting acid rain severely affecting lakes and damaging forests; metal smelting, coal-burning utilities, and vehicle emissions impacting on agricultural and forest productivity; ocean waters becoming contaminated due to agricultural, industrial, mining, and forestry activities

      Environment - international agreements:

       party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air

       Pollution-Sulphur 85, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change,

       Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification,

       Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer

       Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94,

       Wetlands, Whaling

       signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air

       Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental

       Protocol, Law of the Sea

      Geography - note: second-largest country in world (after Russia); strategic location between Russia and US via north polar route; nearly 90% of the population is concentrated within 161 km of the US/Canada border

      @Canada:People

      Population: 30,337,334 (July 1997 est.)

      Age structure: 0–14 years: 20% (male 3,101,968; female 2,957,927) 15–64 years: 68% (male 10,333,085; female 10,201,996) 65 years and over: 12% (male 1,583,643; female 2,158,715) (July 1997 est.)

      Population growth rate: 1.13% (1997 est.)

      Birth rate: 12.4 births/1,000 population (1997 est.)

      Death rate: 7.23 deaths/1,000 population (1997 est.)

      Net migration rate: 6.1 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1997 est.)

      Sex ratio: at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15–64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.73 male(s)/female total population : 0.98 male(s)/female (1997 est.)

      Infant mortality rate: 5.7 deaths/1,000 live births (1997 est.)

      Life expectancy at birth: total population: 78.96 years male: 75.61 years female: 82.48 years (1997 est.)

      Total fertility rate: 1.66 children born/woman (1997 est.)

      Nationality: noun: Canadian(s) adjective: Canadian

      Ethnic groups: British Isles origin 40%, French origin 27%, other

       European 20%, Amerindian 1.5%, other, mostly Asian 11.5%

      Religions: Roman Catholic 45%, United Church 12%, Anglican 8%, other 35% (1991)

      Languages: English (official), French (official)

      Literacy: definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 97% (1986 est.) male : NA% female: NA%

      @Canada:Government

      Country name: conventional long form : none conventional short form: Canada

      Data code: CA

      Government type: confederation with parliamentary democracy

      National capital: Ottawa

      Administrative divisions: 10 provinces and 2 territories*; Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Northwest Territories*, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Quebec, Saskatchewan, Yukon Territory* note: the Northwest Territories will be split in two as of April 1999; the eastern section will be renamed Nunavut, the west is as yet unnamed

      Independence: 1 July 1867 (from UK)

      National holiday: Canada Day, 1 July (1867)

      Constitution: 17 April 1982 (Constitution Act); originally, the machinery of the government was set up in the British North America Act of 1867; charter of rights and unwritten customs

      Legal system: based on English common law, except in Quebec, where civil law system based on French law prevails; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations

      Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal

      Executive branch: chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II of the UK (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor General Romeo LeBLANC (since 8 February 1995) head of government: Prime Minister Jean CHRETIEN (since 4 November 1993) cabinet : Federal Ministry chosen by the prime minister СКАЧАТЬ