The 1997 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

Чтение книги онлайн.

СКАЧАТЬ pastures: 1% forests and woodland: 49% other: 34% (1993 est.)

      Irrigated land: 10,680 sq km (1993 est.)

      Natural hazards: destructive earthquakes and cyclones; flooding and landslides common during rainy season (June to September); periodic droughts

      Environment - current issues: deforestation; industrial pollution of air, soil, and water; inadequate sanitation and water treatment contribute to disease

      Environment - international agreements: party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94 signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

      Geography - note: strategic location near major Indian Ocean shipping lanes

      @Burma:People

      Population: 46,821,943 (July 1997 est.)

      Age structure: 0–14 years: 37% (male 8,743,108; female 8,410,224) 15–64 years: 59% (male 13,878,541; female 13,859,783) 65 years and over : 4% (male 873,670; female 1,056,617) (July 1997 est.)

      Population growth rate: 1.81% (1997 est.)

      Birth rate: 29.54 births/1,000 population (1997 est.)

      Death rate: 11.41 deaths/1,000 population (1997 est.)

      Net migration rate: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1997 est.)

      Sex ratio: at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15–64 years: 1 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.83 male(s)/female total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (1997 est.)

      Infant mortality rate: 78.5 deaths/1,000 live births (1997 est.)

      Life expectancy at birth: total population: 56.62 years male: 54.89 years female: 58.45 years (1997 est.)

      Total fertility rate: 3.76 children born/woman (1997 est.)

      Nationality: noun: Burmese (singular and plural) adjective: Burmese

      Ethnic groups: Burman 68%, Shan 9%, Karen 7%, Rakhine 4%, Chinese 3%,

       Mon 2%, Indian 2%, other 5%

      Religions: Buddhist 89%, Christian 4% (Baptist 3%, Roman Catholic 1%),

       Muslim 4%, animist beliefs 1%, other 2%

      Languages: Burmese, minority ethnic groups have their own languages

      Literacy: definition : age 15 and over can read and write total population: 83.1% male: 88.7% female: 77.7% (1995 est.)

      @Burma:Government

      Country name: conventional long form: Union of Burma conventional short form: Burma local long form: Pyidaungzu Myanma Naingngandaw (translated by the US Government as Union of Myanma and by the Burmese as Union of Myanmar) local short form: Myanma Naingngandaw former: Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma

      Data code: BM

      Government type: military regime

      National capital: Rangoon (regime refers to the capital as Yangon)

      Administrative divisions: 7 divisions* (yin-mya, singular - yin) and 7

       states (pyine-mya, singular - pyine); Chin State, Ayeyarwady*, Bago*,

       Kachin State, Kayin State, Kayah State, Magway*, Mandalay*, Mon State,

       Rakhine State, Sagaing*, Shan State, Tanintharyi*, Yangon*

      Independence: 4 January 1948 (from UK)

      National holiday: Independence Day, 4 January (1948)

      Constitution: 3 January 1974 (suspended since 18 September 1988); national convention started on 9 January 1993 to draft a new constitution; chapter headings and three of 15 sections have been approved

      Legal system: does not accept compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

      Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal

      Executive branch: chief of state: Prime Minister and Chairman of the State Law and Order Restoration Council Gen. THAN SHWE (since 23 April 1992); note - the prime minister is both the chief of state and head of government head of government : Prime Minister and Chairman of the State Law and Order Restoration Council Gen. THAN SHWE (since 23 April 1992); note - the prime minister is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: State Law and Order Restoration Council; military junta which assumed power 18 September 1988 elections: none; the prime minister assumed power upon resignation of the former prime minister

      Legislative branch: unicameral People's Assembly or Pyithu Hluttaw (485 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) elections: last held 27 May 1990, but Assembly never convened election results: percent of vote by party - NLD 82%; seats by party - NLD 396, NUP 10, other 79

      Judicial branch: limited; remnants of the British-era legal system in place, but there is no guarantee of a fair public trial; the judiciary is not independent of the executive

      Political parties and leaders: Union Solidarity and Development

       Association (USDA, proregime), THAN AUNG, general secretary; National

       Unity Party (NUP, proregime), THA KYAW; National League for Democracy

       (NLD), AUNG SAN SUU KYI, general secretary; and eight minor legal

       parties

      Political pressure groups and leaders: National Coalition Government of the Union of Burma (NCGUB), headed by Dr. SEIN WIN - consists of individuals legitimately elected to the People's Assembly but not recognized by the military regime; the group fled to a border area and joined with insurgents in December 1990 to form a parallel government; Kachin Independence Army (KIA); United Wa State Army (UWSA); Karen National Union (KNU); several Shan factions, including the Mong Tai Army (MTA); All Burma Student Democratic Front (ABSDF)

      International organization participation: AsDB, ASEAN (observer), CCC,

       CP, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS,

       ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat (nonsignatory user), Interpol, IOC, ITU,

       Mekong Group, NAM, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WMO, WToO,

       WTrO

      Diplomatic representation in the US: chief of mission: Ambassador TIN WINN chancery: 2300 S Street NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 332–9044, 9045 FAX : [1] (202) 332–9046 consulate(s) general: New York

      Diplomatic representation from the US: chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Kent M. WIEDEMANN embassy: 581 Merchant Street, Rangoon (GPO 521) mailing address : Box B, APO AP 96546 telephone: [95] (1) 282055, 282182 (operator assistance required) FAX: [95] (1) 280409

      Flag description: red with a blue rectangle in the upper hoist-side corner bearing, all in white, 14 five-pointed stars encircling a cogwheel containing a stalk of rice; the 14 stars represent the 14 administrative divisions

СКАЧАТЬ