The 1997 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

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СКАЧАТЬ rate: 8.05 births/1,000 population (1997 est.)

      Death rate: 13.38 deaths/1,000 population (1997 est.)

      Net migration rate: −0.94 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1997 est.)

      Sex ratio: at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15–64 years : 0.98 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.76 male(s)/female total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (1997 est.)

      Infant mortality rate: 13.2 deaths/1,000 live births (1997 est.)

      Life expectancy at birth: total population: 71.65 years male: 68.06 years female: 75.44 years (1997 est.)

      Total fertility rate: 1.14 children born/woman (1997 est.)

      Nationality: noun: Bulgarian(s) adjective: Bulgarian

      Ethnic groups: Bulgarian 85.3%, Turk 8.5%, Gypsy 2.6%, Macedonian 2.5%, Armenian 0.3%, Russian 0.2%, other 0.6%

      Religions: Bulgarian Orthodox 85%, Muslim 13%, Jewish 0.8%, Roman Catholic 0.5%, Uniate Catholic 0.2%, Protestant, Gregorian-Armenian, and other 0.5%

      Languages: Bulgarian, secondary languages closely correspond to ethnic breakdown

      Literacy: definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 98% male: 99% female: 97% (1992 est.)

      @Bulgaria:Government

      Country name: conventional long form: Republic of Bulgaria conventional short form: Bulgaria

      Data code: BU

      Government type: emerging democracy

      National capital: Sofia

      Administrative divisions: 9 provinces (oblasti, singular - oblast);

       Burgas, Grad Sofiya, Khaskovo, Lovech, Montana, Plovdiv, Ruse, Sofiya,

       Varna

      Independence: 22 September 1908 (from Ottoman Empire)

      National holiday: Independence Day, 3 March (1878)

      Constitution: adopted 12 July 1991

      Legal system: based on civil law system with Soviet law influence; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

      Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal and compulsory

      Executive branch: chief of state: President Petar STOYANOV (since 22 January 1997); Vice President Todor KAVALDZHIEV (since 22 January 1997) head of government: Chairman of the Council of Ministers (Prime Minister) Ivan Kostov (since 19 May 1997); Deputy Prime Ministers Aleksandur BOZHKOV (since 12 February 1997 Evgeniy BAKURDZHIEV (since 21 May 1997), Veselin METODIEV (since 21 May 1997) cabinet: Council of Ministers elected by the National Assembly elections: president and vice president elected on the same ticket by popular vote for five-year terms; election last held 27 October and 3 November 1996 (next to be held NA 2001); chairman of the Council of Ministers (prime minister) appointed by the president election results: Petar STOYANOV elected president; percent of vote - Petar STOYANOV 59.73%

      Legislative branch: unicameral National Assembly or Narodno Sobranie (240 seats; members are popularly elected to serve four-year terms) elections: last held 19 April 1997 (next to be held NA 2001) election results : percent of vote by party - UDF 52%, BSP 22%, ANS 7%, Euro-left 5.5%, BBB 4.95%; seats by party - UDF 137, BSP 58, ANS 19, Euro-left 14, BBB 12

      Judicial branch: Supreme Court, chairman appointed for a seven-year term by the president; Constitutional Court, 12 justices appointed or elected for a nine-year term

      Political parties and leaders: Bulgarian Socialist Party or BSP [Georgi PURVANOV, chairman]; Union of Democratic Forces or UDF (an alliance of pro-Democratic parties) [Ivan KOSTOV]; Euro-left [Alexander TOMOV]; Alliance for National Salvation or ANS (coalition led mainly by Movement for Rights and Freedoms or MRF [Ahmed DOGAN]); Bulgarian Business Bloc or BBB [George GANCHEV]

      Political pressure groups and leaders: Democratic Alliance for the

       Republic or DAR; New Union for Democracy or NUD; Ecoglasnost; Podkrepa

       Labor Confederation; Fatherland Union; Bulgarian Communist Party or

       BCP; Confederation of Independent Trade Unions of Bulgaria or KNSB;

       Bulgarian Agrarian National Union - United or BZNS; Bulgarian

       Democratic Center; "Nikola Petkov" Bulgarian Agrarian National Union;

       Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization - Union of Macedonian

       Societies or IMRO-UMS; numerous regional, ethnic, and national

       interest groups with various agendas

      International organization participation: ACCT, BIS, BSEC, CCC, CE,

       CEI, EBRD, ECE, EU (applicant), FAO, G- 9, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU,

       ICRM, IFC, IFRCS, IHO (pending member), ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat,

       Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, NACC, NAM (guest), NSG, OSCE,

       PCA, PFP, UN, UNAVEM III, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIBH, UNMOT, UPU,

       WEU (associate partner), WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO, ZC

      Diplomatic representation in the US: chief of mission: Ambassador Snezhana Damianova BOTUSHAROVA chancery: 1621 22nd Street NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone : [1] (202) 387–7969 FAX: [1] (202) 234–7973 consulate(s): New York

      Diplomatic representation from the US: chief of mission: Ambassador Avis T. BOHLEN (22 July 1996) embassy : 1 Saborna Street, Sofia mailing address: Embassy Sofia, Department of State, Washington, DC 50521–5740 telephone: [359] (2) 980–52-41 through 48 FAX: [359] (2) 981–89-77

      Flag description: three equal horizontal bands of white (top), green, and red; the national emblem formerly on the hoist side of the white stripe has been removed - it contained a rampant lion within a wreath of wheat ears below a red five-pointed star and above a ribbon bearing the dates 681 (first Bulgarian state established) and 1944 (liberation from Nazi control)

      Economy

      Economy - overview: One of the poorest countries of central Europe, Bulgaria has slowly continued the process of moving from its old command economy towards a market-oriented economy. Slow advancement on economic reforms pitched the economy into crisis in 1996, marked by a banking system in turmoil, a depreciating currency, inflation of 311% and contracting production and foreign trade. Foreign exchange reserves dwindled to extremely low levels ($518 million), while dramatically hiked interest rates added to the domestic debt burden and stifled growth. GDP fell by 10% in 1996, after experiencing 2.6% growth in 1995. Privatization of state-owned industries stagnated, although the first auction of a mass privatization program was undertaken in late 1996. Lagging progress on structural reforms led to postponement of IMF disbursements under a $580 million standby loan agreed to in July. In November 1996, the IMF proposed a currency board as Bulgaria's best chance to restore confidence in the lev, eliminate discretionary spending, and avoid hyperinflation. The government has pledged to sell some of the country's most attractive state assets to the highest foreign bidders in 1997. The Bulgarian economy is projected СКАЧАТЬ