The Political Economy of Slavery. Eugene D. Genovese

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СКАЧАТЬ urban purchasing power to support high food prices would dry up rural sources of capital accumulation by heavier peasant consumption. He adds that the U.S.S.R. had to force the pace of industrialization for political and military reasons and that grain deliveries to cities had to be guaranteed. Maurice Dobb, Soviet Economic Development Since 1917 (New York, 1948) presents similar arguments. These arguments, however valid, do not contradict the observation that collectivization removed a good part of the peasants’ incentives without providing them with implements and machines. Collectivization may, from the point of view of the regime, have been necessary and urgent, but a big price had to be paid for it. For a summary of experiences with large-scale farming elsewhere see Lewis, Theory of Economic Growth, pp. 134 ff.

      26 Rolla M. Tryon, Household Manufactures in the United States, 1640–1860 (Chicago, 1917), pp. 5, 184 ff, 295–98, 371.

      27 Specialists who wish to consult the sampling and computing methods used here may see my unpublished dissertation, “The Limits of Agrarian Reform in the Slave South,” Columbia University, 1959, appendices.

      28 De Bow, Industrial Resources, II, 130.

      29 Cameron Papers, CXIII, University of North Carolina.

      30 Simmons Jones Baker Account Book, miscellaneous notes, University of North Carolina.

      31 Blanche Evans Hazard, The Organization of the Boot and Shoe Industry in Massachusetts before 1875 (Cambridge, Mass., 1921), p. 3.

      32 The use of white labor for ditching is frequently cited, but the size of the expenditures has not generally been appreciated. One planter paid $170 in 1852, another $250 in 1859. Such sums were not trifles, especially for small planters. See Moses St. John R. Liddell Papers, 1852, Louisiana State University; entry of Feb. 8, 1859, Leonidas Pendleton Spyker Diary, also at L.S.U.

      33 Haller Nutt Papers, 1849, Duke University; James H. Hammond Account Book, 1850, Library of Congress; Stephen D. Doar Account Books, 1853, 1857, Library of Congress; Charles Bruce Plantation Accounts, 1856, Library of Congress.

      34 Everard Green Baker Papers, I, University of North Carolina; Iverson L. Graves Papers, XV, University of North Carolina; Henry Watson Papers, 1847, Duke University. Graves spent $20 to sharpen and repair tools during four months of 1853.

      35 De Bow, Industrial Resources, I, 161. One planter with 50 slaves spent about $75 in eight months. Killona Plantation Journals, I, 60 ff, Department of Archives and History, Jackson, Mississippi. See also William McKinley Book, p. 17, and Robert Withers Books, I, 46, at the University of North Carolina; and James Sheppard Papers, April 9, 1849, at Duke University.

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