Historical Dictionary of Jazz. John S. Davis

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СКАЧАТЬ (1955), and George Wallington (1955). Thereafter he joined Miles Davis, with whom he played from 1955 to 1963. After his time with Davis, he played with pianist Wynton Kelly until 1966. An alcoholic and heroin addict, he was nevertheless a popular sideman who recorded with artists including Sonny Rollins, Cannonball Adderley, Freddie Hubbard, Bill Evans, and John Coltrane (who titled his composition “Mr. P.C.” in honor of Chambers), among others. Also known for his bowed solos, Chambers contracted tuberculosis in 1968 and died early in 1969.

      CHANGES

      Musician’s term for the harmonic progression to a song, as in “chord changes.” See also IMPROVISATION.

      CHANNEL

      A term for the B section within the form of American popular song (AABA), usually a contrasting harmonic and melodic section. See also BRIDGE.

      CHARLAP, WILLIAM MORRISON “BILL” (1966–)

      A piano player, Charlap was born in New York City into a musical family. His father was a composer and his mother a successful singer. Charlap was thrust into the jazz world in the late 1980s when he joined baritone saxophonist Gerry Mulligan’s quintet. In 1994, he joined the Phil Woods Quintet, and in the same year he began his solo recording career. In 1997 Charlap formed the Bill Charlap Trio with bassist Peter Washington and drummer Kenny Washington, which is now recognized as one of the leading groups in jazz. He was named jazz pianist of the year by the Jazz Journalists Association in 2003 and has received two Grammy Award nominations. Charlap has been serving as director of jazz studies at William Patterson University in Wayne, New Jersey, since 2005 and is married to jazz pianist Renee Rosnes.

      CHARLES, RAY (1930–2004)

      An American pianist and songwriter, he was also instrumental in the development of soul music and was a prolific force in American popular music. Born in Florida in poverty, Charles contracted glaucoma at the age of five and was blind one year later. He studied music and composition at the St. Augustine School for the Deaf and the Blind and later formed a group and toured around the state of Florida before moving to Seattle in 1947. He signed with Atlantic in 1952 and recorded several albums, his first trademark performance coming with “I’ve Got a Woman” in 1955. His unique inflection and interpretation was further realized with successive albums including What’d I Say (1959). During his time with Atlantic he also recorded jazz albums with artists including Milt Jackson and David “Fathead” Newman.

      Charles moved to the ABC label in order to gain more creative control over his music, recording hits including “Georgia on My Mind” (1960) and “Hit the Road Jack” (1961), followed by a foray into country music with “Modern Sounds in Country and Western Music” (1962). His momentum was slowed somewhat by a 1965 arrest for heroin possession, after which he took a year off from performing. He would record several other albums of varying styles before returning to jazz in 2000 with an appearance on Steve Turre’s In the Spur of the Moment. After his death from liver disease in 2004, his album Genius Loves Company was posthumously released and was awarded eight Grammy Awards, and a biopic, Ray, was released in 2005 starring Jamie Foxx as the title character, a role for which Foxx won the Academy Award for Best Actor. See also BLUES; RHYTHM AND BLUES (R&B).

      CHARLESTON

      A popular dance style of the 1920s, its popularity was aided by a dance song of the same name by James P. Johnson and Cecil Mack in 1923. The dance, named after the city of Charleston, South Carolina, where it possibly originated, symbolized the reckless abandon of the Roaring Twenties but eventually fell out of favor, and its movements were combined into a newer dance, the Lindy.

      CHARLESTON CHASERS

      The name given to several different studio dance bands led by Red Nichols, Dick Johnson, Phil Napoleon, and Benny Goodman that recorded on the Columbia record label between 1925 and 1931. At various times the groups included Tommy Dorsey, Jack Teagarden, Glenn Miller, and Gene Krupa, among others.

      CHARLIE PARKER RECORDS

      A record label and company founded in New York in 1961 by Charlie Parker’s widow, Doris Parker, and Aubrey Mayhew. The company was active for about two years, during which time a few of Parker’s previously unissued albums were released, in addition to new material recorded by artists including Cecil Taylor, Duke Jordan, Teddy Wilson, and Slide Hampton.

      CHART

      A jazz musician’s term for a printed piece of music.

      CHASE

      A competition between two or more soloists, where each tries to outplay or outperform the other. Similar in concept to trading, but instead of trading a set amount of measures, the soloists would first trade choruses, then half choruses, then phrases, and so on. See also CUTTING CONTEST.

      CHASE, WILLIAM “BILL” (1934–1974)

      American trumpet player, known for his upper register. After studying at the Berklee College of Music, Bill Chase played lead trumpet in Maynard Ferguson’s big band in 1958, recorded an album with Stan Kenton in 1959, and performed at the Monterey Jazz Festival with Woody Herman. Chase would stay in Herman’s band until 1967, after which he started the jazz-rock group Chase, containing four trumpets, a rhythm section, and a singer. After another brief European tour with Herman’s band in 1969, he recorded his band’s first album in 1971, the self-titled Chase, which contained the hit song “Get It On.” Successive albums were not as well received. Chase and three other members of his band died in a plane crash in 1974 during a tour.

      CHEATHAM, ALDOLPHUS ANTHONY “DOC” (1905–1997)

      Known more for his playing later in life, Doc Cheatham started playing trumpet at the age of 14. He worked in various local bands before moving to Chicago around 1925, where he played with Albert Wynn and subbed for Louis Armstrong. He then moved to Philadelphia and played with Wilbur De Paris (1927–1928), then to New York, where he performed briefly with Chick Webb. After touring Europe with Sam Wooding from 1928 to 1930, he became known more as a lead trumpet player than a soloist and spent time playing in many different bands, including McKinney’s Cotton Pickers in 1931 and 1932, seven years with the Cab Calloway Orchestra from 1932 to 1939, and brief stints with Teddy Wilson and then Benny Carter. In the 1950s and 1960s, Cheatham worked with various Latin bands and also toured with De Paris, Sammy Price, and Herbie Mann before settling down to lead his own band in New York from 1960 to 1965. After a brief stint with Benny Goodman in 1966, Cheatham settled in as a freelance musician, and his soloing became more recognized. He continued to perform at jazz festivals and clubs into the 1990s. In 1991 he appeared with Wynton Marsalis at a tribute to Louis Armstrong, and in 1996 he recorded an album with trumpeter Nicholas Payton. A few days after a performance with Payton in 1997, Cheatham died in his sleep due to a stroke.

      CHERRY, DON (1936–1995)

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