Disagreements of the Jurists. al-Qadi al-Nu'man

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СКАЧАТЬ Regarding this point a lengthy discussion is required, and this chapter is not the place to treat it exhaustively. God willing, we will present as much of it as is appropriate in the refutation of those who espouse the use of legal interpretation. We have already mentioned above the words of God in which He censured and prohibited difference of opinion, so how could He possibly command His worshipers to accept opinions from those who differ concerning His religion, when He faults them in His Book?

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      وقال آخرون أولو الأمر الذين أمر الله عزّ وجلّ بطاعتهم هم أمراء السرايا. فيقال لهم طاعة أمراء السرايا واجبة اذا أقامهم من تجب طاعته وأمر من أمّرهم عليهم بالسمع والطاعة لهم في الحقّ على من قدّموا عليه ولا يعدوهم في^١ ذلك إلى غيرهم ممّن لم يؤمّروا عليه. وهذا القول من الله عامّ لجميع المؤمنين. قال الله عزّ وجلّ {أَطِيعُوا ٱللهَ وَأَطِيعُوا ٱلرَّسُولَ وَأُولِى ٱلْأَمْرِ مِنكُمْ} فعمّ بالأمر بطاعة أولي الأمر جميع المؤمنين. فكيف يجوز أن يخصّ بذلك بعضهم وهم أمراء السرايا كما زعمتم ؟ أوليس طاعة الإمام الذي^٢ يخرج السريّة ويؤمّر عليها أحقّ وأولى من طاعة الذي يؤمّره؟ وليس يجوز أن يسمّى أولي^٣ الأمر في الحقيقة إلّا من يكون الأمر له، وصاحب السريّة إنّما له من الأمر ما يجعله الإمام له.

      ١ ساقطة في ز. ٢ ساقطة في ل. ٣ ب ل: أولو، خ: ولي.

      Others said: «The Ones in Authority» whom God ordered be obeyed are the commanders of military expeditions.⁸² One should respond to them: Obedience to commanders of military expeditions is necessary if they are appointed by someone to whom obedience is obligatory. An order that commanders must be obeyed issued by the one who appoints them commanders over their men actually applies only to the men over whom they were appointed; it should not go beyond them to apply to anyone else who does not belong to the military expedition. This statement by God, however, is generally applicable to all the believers. God said: «O ye who believe! Obey God and obey the Messenger and the Ones in Authority among you.»⁸³ He included all the believers in the command to obey the Ones in Authority, so how could He possibly have meant this command to apply only to some of them—the commanders of military expeditions—as you have claimed? Would not obedience to the Imam who sends out the military expedition and appoints a commander over it be more fitting and appropriate than obedience to the commander whom he appointed? Indeed, one may only call the Ones in Authority those who actually possess authority, and the commander of the military expedition has only that authority which the Imam delegates to him.

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      والقول في تثبيت الإمامة يخرج عن حدّ هذا الكتاب. وإنّما قصدنا في هذا الباب إلى البيان عن مذهب أهل الحقّ فيما اختلفت^١ العامّة فيه ممّا لم يجدوا نصّه في ظاهر القرآن ولا في سنّة الرسول. فقال أهل الحقّ فيه نردّ إلى أولي الأمر كما أمر الله عزّ وجلّ فيه ونسأل أهل الذكر عنه. وقالت العامّة ونستنبطه من قبل أنفسنا. وقد ذكرنا خلافهم في ذلك لكتاب الله عزّ وجلّ وسنّة رسوله صلّى الله عليه وعلى آله وبيّنّا أنّ الله عزّ وجلّ قد أكمل دينه وجمع كلّ شيء تعبّد به خلقه في كتابه. عرف ذلك من عرفه وجهله من جهله.

      ١ ل: اختلف.

      The argument for the validity of the Imamate goes beyond the scope of this book, but in this chapter we have merely sought to set forth the doctrine of the People of the Truth concerning the Sunnis’ disputes over what to do when they do not find an explicit statement concerning something in the plain text of the Qurʾan or the Practice of the Messenger. The People of the Truth say, concerning this, “We refer the matter to the Ones in Authority, as God commanded in that regard, and we ask the People of Knowledge about it,” while the Sunnis say, “We deduce it on our own.” We have shown that in adopting this view they contradict the Book of God and the Practice of His Messenger, and we have explained that God perfected His religion and included all things that He imposed as religious obligations on His creatures in His Book. Whoever knows this, knows it, and whoever does not, does not.

      الباب الخامس

      ذكر أصحاب التقليد والردّ عليهم في انتحالهم إيّاه

      Chapter Five

      Against Arbitrary Submission to Authority

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      قد تلونا فيما تقدّم من أبواب هذا الكتاب من قول الله جلّ ذكره في الأمر^١ باتّباع كتابه وسنّة رسوله صلّى الله عليه وعلى آله والردّ إلى أولي الأمر وسؤال أهل الذكر ما إن كرّرناه في هذا الباب وفيما بعده من الأبواب ما يحتاج فيها إلى الاحتجاج به طال^٢ بذلك الكتاب ، وفيما تقدّم ذكره من ذلك حجّة وبلاغ لذوي الألباب .

      ١ ساقطة في ل: في الأمر. ٢ ل: لطال.

      In the preceding chapters of this book, we have already cited the word of God in the Qurʾan conveying His command to follow His Book and the Practice of His Messenger, and to refer to the Ones in Authority and to consult the People of Knowledge. If we were to repeat the quotations of the Qurʾan in this and the following chapters whenever there is need to cite such evidence as an argument, the book would grow too long, so let what has been mentioned above concerning this point suffice as effective proof and delivery of the message for readers endowed with perception.

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      فلم يأمر الله بتقليد أحد بعد رسوله والأخذ عنه فيما جهله من جهله СКАЧАТЬ