Deepwater Flexible Risers and Pipelines. Yong Bai

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СКАЧАТЬ 5.6 Detailed geometry of FE model.Figure 5.7 Burst failure mode of flexible pipe.Figure 5.8 Tension failure mode of flexible pipe.Figure 5.9 Collapse failure moment.

      6 Chapter 6Figure 6.1 Reference systems for toroid surface.Figure 6.2 Cross-section of helical layer.Figure 6.3 Darboux frame.Figure 6.4 Micro-section of helical wire.Figure 6.5 The sliding mechanism model.Figure 6.6 The axial displacement of beam.Figure 6.7 The axial force of beam.Figure 6.8 The axial force of helical wire.Figure 6.9 The axial force of helical wire.

      7 Chapter 7Figure 7.1 Pipe coiled in the reel drum.Figure 7.2 Buckling failure of MSFP.Figure 7.3 Pipe mechanics analysis in reeling.Figure 7.4 Crosssection of MSFP.Figure 7.5 MSFP with partly outer sheath peeling off.Figure 7.6 Stress-strain curves of HDPE.Figure 7.7 Stress-strain curves of steel strip.Figure 7.8 Tensile test of MSFP.Figure 7.9 Tension-extension curves of two specimens.Figure 7.10 Diagrammatic sketch of bending machine.Figure 7.11 Moment-curvature curves of two specimens.Figure 7.12 MFSP specimen before and after bending.Figure 7.13 Fitting tension-extension curve.Figure 7.14 Fitting bending-curvature curve.Figure 7.15 The global model of reeling operation.Figure 7.16 The local direction of the beam element.Figure 7.17 Mesh condition of the global model.Figure 7.18 Load and boundary condition of the global model.Figure 7.19 The final deformation of the global model.Figure 7.20 SF1 of the pipeline.Figure 7.21 SF2 of the pipeline.Figure 7.22 SF3 of the pipeline.Figure 7.23 A picked path for the pipeline.Figure 7.24 SF1 along the path.Figure 7.25 Contour plot of SM2 along the path.Figure 7.26 SM2 along the path.Figure 7.27 Contour plot of SM3 along the path.Figure 7.28 SM3 along the path.Figure 7.29 SF1 along the path in different coiling drum diameter.Figure 7.30 SM3 along the path in different coiling drum diameter.Figure 7.31 SM2 along the path in different coiling drum diameter.Figure 7.32 SF1 along the path in different sinking distance.Figure 7.33 SM3 along the path in different sinking distance.Figure 7.34 SM2 along the path in different sinking distance.Figure 7.35 SF1 along the path in different reeling length.Figure 7.36 SM3 along the path in different reeling length.Figure 7.37 SM2 along the path in different reeling length.Figure 7.38 The defined distance.Figure 7.39 SF1 along the path in different location of the bearing plate.Figure 7.40 SM3 along the path in different location of the bearing plate.Figure 7.41 SM2 along the path in different location of the bearing plate.

      8 Chapter 8Figure 8.1 Bonded flexible pipe (Antal et al., 2003) [1].Figure 8.2 Production and gas lif hoses on the Heidrun TLP (Antal et al., 2003) ...Figure 8.3 Typical cross-section of an unbonded flexible pipe (Zhang et al., 200...Figure 8.4 General arrangement for local curvature analysis at the bellmouth or ...Figure 8.5 Mooring and riser system design (Seymour et al., 2003) [7].Figure 8.6 Overview of riser system interface design (Seymour et al., 2003) [7].Figure 8.7 Water injection flexible pipe technology limits (Remery et al., 2004)...

      9 Chapter 9Figure 9.1 Flexible riser configurations.^[1]Figure 9.2 Configuration of lazy-wave riser.Figure 9.3 Lazy-wave riser configuration.Figure 9.4 Force sketch of a differential element of suspended riser.Figure 9.5 Force sketch of a differential element of boundary-layer segment.Figure 9.6 Force sketch of a differential element of riser laid on seabed.Figure 9.7 Flow chart of numerical calculation.Figure 9.8 Sketch of OrcaFlex Model.Figure 9.9 Comparison of lazy-wave configurations.Figure 9.10 Comparison of lazy-wave tensions.Figure 9.11 (a) Comparison of lazy-wave bending moments. (b) Comparison of bendi...Figure 9.12 (a) Comparison of lazy-wave shears. (b) Comparison of shears in TDP.Figure 9.13 Bending moment with the variation os seabed.Figure 9.14 Shear with the variation of seabed.Figure 9.15 Inclination angle at TDP with the variation of seabed stiffness.Figure 9.16 Maximum embedment with the variation of seabed stiffness.Figure 9.17 Lazy-wave configuration with the variation of hang-off inclination a...Figure 9.18 Tension with the variation of hang-off inclination angle.Figure 9.19 Bending moment with the variation of hang-off inclination angle.Figure 9.20 Shear with the variation of hang- off inclination angle.Figure 9.21 Lazy-wave configuration with the variation of buoyancy section lengt...Figure 9.22 Tension with the variation of buoyancy section length.Figure 9.23 Bending moment with the variation of buoyancy section length.Figure 9.24 Shear with the variation of buoyancy section length.

      10 Chapter 10Figure 10.1 Configuration of steep wave riser.Figure 10.2 Steep wave riser configuration.Figure 10.3 Forces acting on the touch-down segment.Figure 10.4 Forces acting on the touch-down segment.Figure 10.5 Flow chart of numerical calculation.Figure 10.6 Comparison of steep-wave configurations.Figure 10.7 Comparison of steep-wave tensions.Figure 10.8 Comparison of steep-wave bending moments.Figure 10.9 Comparison of steep-wave shear forces.Figure 10.10 Comparison of steep-wave shears near DP.Figure 10.11 Comparison of steep-wave shears near LP.Figure 10.12 Steep wave configuration with the variation of buoyancy segment’s e...Figure 10.13 Tension with the variation of buoyancy segment’s equivalent outer d...Figure 10.14 Bending moment with the variation of buoyancy segment’s equivalent ...Figure 10.15 Shear force vs. buoyancy equivalent outer diameter.Figure 10.16 Steep wave configuration with the variation of buoyancy segment len...Figure 10.17 Tension with the variation of buoyancy segment length.Figure 10.18 Bending moment with the variation of buoyancy segment length.Figure 10.19 Shear force with the variation of buoyancy segment length.Figure 10.20 Steep wave configuration with the variation of buoyancy segment loc...Figure 10.21 Tension vs. buoyancy segment location.Figure 10.22 Bending moment vs. buoyancy segment location.Figure 10.23 Shear force vs. buoyancy segment location.Figure 10.24 Steep wave configuration vs. current velocity.Figure 10.25 Tension vs. current velocity.Figure 10.26 Bending moment vs. current velocity.Figure 10.27 Shear force with the variation of current velocity.

      11 Chapter 11Figure 11.1 Typical unbonded flexible pipe wall structure^[1].Figure 11.2 Global analysis model of unbonded flexible pipe.Figure 11.3 Illustration for node variables: (a) uin; (b)

.Figure 11.4 Hysteretic bending stiffness curve (Péronne et al., 2015).Figure 11.5 Parallelogram hysteresis loop (Zhang et al., 2008).Figure 11.6 Bend stiffener schematic diagram.Figure 11.7 Winkler foundation model.Figure 11.8 Bending hysteresis loop.Figure 11.9 Bend stiffener profile.Figure 11.10 Unbonded flexible riser configuration.Figure 11.11 Effective tension along arc length.Figure 11.12 Curvature along arc length.Figure 11.13 Declination angle along arc length.Figure 11.14 Time history response of top effective tension.Figure 11.15 Time history response of curvatures at bend stiffener’s root end.Figure 11.16 Time history response of curvatures at bend stiffener’s tip end.Figure 11.17 Time history response of maximum curvature in TDZ.Figure 11.18 Bending moment vs. curvature in TDZ.Figure 11.19 Effective tension vs. effective bending stiffness in TDZ.Figure 11.20 Time history response of vertical displacement at static TDP.Figure 11.21 Time history response of effective tension at static TDP.Figure 11.22 Static/dynamic response with different top connection conditions.Figure 11.23 Static/dynamic response with different bending behaviors.Figure 11.24 Static/dynamic response with different top angles.

      12 Chapter 12Figure 12.1 The constitution of the towed system.Figure 12.2 Plan view of circle maneuver in towed system.Figure 12.3 Curves of vehicle depth in reference [8].Figure 12.4 Curves of vehicle depth of my simulation model in OrcaFlex.Figure 12.5 The configuration of the towed cable of reference [8] in OrcaFlex.Figure 12.6 Plan view of circle maneuver.Figure 12.7 Depth variation of the towed body.Figure 12.8 Tension variation of the towed end.Figure 12.9 Depth variation of the towed body with the change of the diameter of...Figure 12.10 Maximum tension variation of the towed body with the change of the ...Figure 12.11 Maximum tension variation of Ct (Cn = 1.44).Figure 12.12 Maximum tension variation of Cn (Ct = 0.015).Figure 12.13 Depth variation of towed body with Ct (Cn = 1.44).Figure 12.14 Depth variation of towed body with Cn (Ct = 0.015).Figure 12.15 Distribution of tension along the length direction of the 300-m cab...Figure 12.16 Distribution of tension along the length direction of the 300-m cab...

      13 Chapter 13Figure 13.1 Load analysis of pipeline.Figure 13.2 Schematic diagram of lumped mass method.Figure 13.3 Schematic diagram of contact relationship for cable-cable.Figure 13.4 Schematic diagram of umbilical cable.Figure 13.5 Schematic diagram of the model.Figure 13.6 The distribution of the clashing force for interference.Figure 13.7 The distribution of the effective tension under interference.Figure 13.8 The distribution of the curvature of the umbilical cable under inter...Figure 13.9 The distribution of standard deviation of the curvature СКАЧАТЬ