Collins Gem. Collins Dictionaries

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СКАЧАТЬ such as desu will sound very weak.

       Top ten tips

      1 Always remember to remove your shoes before entering someone’s home. Before stepping on tatami matting, slippers must also be removed. Slippers must be changed when going to the toilet. Remember not to leave the toilet still wearing the toilet slippers, as it would be very embarrassing!

      2 Always make sure that you do not have any holes in your socks or tights, as you may have to take your shoes off unexpectedly.

      3 Shaking hands is uncommon in Japan; Japanese people greet each other by bowing. However, foreigners are sometimes greeted with a handshake.

      4 Sumimasen is a word with many purposes: it can be used to attract someone’s attention before making a request, or to get past people on a crowded train. It can also be used to say ‘sorry’.

      5 Credit cards are only accepted in the more expensive hotels, shops and restaurants.

      6 If you receive a gift from a Japanese visitor, ask if you can open it before doing so. If you are invited to a Japanese person’s house, make sure you take a gift-wrapped present with you.

      7 You can only buy cigarettes and alcohol if you are over 20 years of age. You will be asked to produce ID to prove your age.

      8 Japanese people tend not to use assertive words such as ‘yes’ and ‘no’. Good alternatives are ii desu ne, which literally means ‘that sounds good’, for ‘yes’ and chotto for ‘no’.

      9 Cleanliness is important to Japanese people. Never drop or leave rubbish.

      10 It’s advisable that you carry proof of identity at all times, so make sure that you always have your passport with you.

       Talking to people

Hello/goodbye, yes/no

      In Japanese there is no exact equivalent for the word ‘hello’ – different greeting words are used based on the time of the day. Similarly, the word chotto (whose literal meaning is ‘a bit’) is influenced by body language: if said with one’s head slightly tilted, it means ‘no’.

Hello	こんにちはkonnichiwa
Good morning	おはようございますohayoo gozaimasu
Good evening	こんばんはkombanwa
Good night	おやすみなさいoyasuminasai
Goodbye	さようならsayoonara
See you later	じゃまたja mata
See you tomorrow	また明日mata ashita
How are you?	お元気ですかogenki desu ka?
Fine, thanks	はい､元気ですhai, genki desu
And you, Mr/Ms...?	...さんは...san wa?
Please	お願いしますonegai shimasu
Thank you	ありがとう (ございます)arigatoo (gozaimasu)
You’re welcome	どういたしましてdoo itashimashite
Excuse me!	ごめんなさいgomennasai!
Sorry!	すみませんsumimasen!
Yes	はいhai
No	いいえiie
Um...	ちょっと…chotto...
Yes, please	はい、お願いしますhai, onegai shimasu
No, thanks	いいえ、結構ですiie, kekkoo desu
Sir…	…氏…shi
Mr…/Madam…/Mrs…/Ms…/Miss…	…さん…san
I don’t understand	わかりませんwakarimasen
I don’t speak Japanese	私は日本語を話せませんwatashi wa nihongo o hanasemasen
England/English	イングランド／イングランド人ingurando/ingurando-jin
Scotland/Scottish	スコットランド／スコットランド人sukottorando/sukottorando-jin
Wales/Welsh	ウェールズ／ウェールズ人weeruzu/weeruzu-jin
Ireland/Irish	アイルランド／アイルランド人airurando/airurando-jin
USA/American	アメリカ／アメリカ人amerika/amerika-jin
Australia/Australian	オーストラリア／オーストラリア人oosutoraria/oosutoraria-jin

      Bowing おじぎ ojigi

      Japanese people bow to express their respect and appreciation. People bow along with greetings, words of appreciation or apologies. The strength of the respect, gratitude or apology, dictates how low your bow should be.

Key phrases

      There are no genders, articles or singular/plural forms in Japanese. Different counters are used together with numbers.

museum	美術館bijutsukan
the station	駅eki
the shops	店mise
the houses	家ie/uchi
a/one	一つhitotsu
a ticket	チケット一枚chiketto ichimai
one stamp	切手一枚kitte ichimai
a room	一部屋hito heya
one bottle	一本ippon
some (countable)	いくつかikutsuka
some (uncountable)	いくらかikuraka
some wine	ワインいくらかwain ikuraka
some fruit	フルーツいくつかfuruutsu ikutsuka
some biscuits	ビスケットいくつかbisuketto ikutsuka
Do you have…?	…はありますか…wa arimasu ka?
Do you have a timetable?	時刻表はありますかjikokuhyoo wa arimasu ka?
Do you have a room?	部屋はありますかheya wa arimasu ka?
Do you have milk?	牛乳はありますかgyuunyuu wa arimasu ka?
I/We’d like to…	…(動詞) たいです…(verb) tai desu
I/We’d like…	…(名詞) をお願いします…(noun) o onegai shimasu
I’d like an ice cream	アイスクリームをお願いしますaisukuriimu o onegai shimasu
We’d like to go home	家に帰りたいですie ni kaeritai desu
Another…	…おかわり…okawari
Some more…	…もう少し…moo sukoshi
Some more bread	パン、もう少しpan moo sukoshi
Another Japanese tea	お茶、おかわりocha okawari
Another beer	ビール、おかわりbiiru okawari
Some more water	お水、もう少しomizu moo sukoshi
How much is it?	これはいくらですかkore wa ikura desu ka?
large	大きいookii
small	小さいchiisai
with	とto
without	抜きでnukide
Where is/are…?	…はどこですか… wa doko desu ka?
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