Numbers: B2+. Dawn Willoughby

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      So, when we add up the actual prices the aggregate total price for our shopping is £835.85 and the estimated cost is £840.

       Glossary

      round up/down If you round an amount up or down, you change it to the nearest whole number or the nearest multiple of 10, 100, 1,000, and so on.

      aggregate An aggregate amount or score is made up of several smaller amounts or scores added together.

       Measurements

      Taking measurements is about finding a number that shows the amount or size of something. We are most often interested in measuring temperature, length, speed, time, capacity and mass. To make an accurate measurement, you would need to choose an appropriate measuring device and use the correct type of units on a scale. Here are some examples:

       Glossary

      capacity The capacity of a container is its volume, or the amount of liquid it can hold, measured in units such as litres or gallons.

      mass In physics, the mass of an object is the amount of physical matter that it has.

Measurement	Measuring device	Units
temperature	thermometer	degrees Celsius (°C) or degrees Fahrenheit (°F)
length	ruler or tape measure	centimetres (cm), metres (m) or kilometres (km)
speed	speedometer	metres per second (m/s) or kilometres per hour (km/h)
time	clock or stopwatch	seconds (sec), minutes (min) or hours (hr)
capacity	measuring jug	millilitres (ml) or litres (l)
mass	weighing scales	grams (g) or kilograms (kg)

       Exercise 1

      Match the correct unit of measurement with each item to be measured.

Unit of measurement	Item being measured
degrees Celsius (°C )	distance between London and Paris
kilometres (km)	weight of a pencil
kilometres per hour (km/h)	time taken to count to ten
seconds (sec)	temperature of a cup of coffee
millilitres (ml)	amount of orange juice in a glass
grams (g)	speed of a train

      There are a number of key terms that are useful to learn when working with numbers and data. Test your knowledge of these by completing the following exercises.

       Exercise 2

      Use the words in the box to complete these sentences. You might need to change the form of the word.

      accurate calculation fraction measurement

      aggregate / total capacity mass percentage

      approximately estimated maximum / minimum round up / down

      1 The ________of 9, 10, 24, 6, 8, 5 is 62. It is also known as the ________.

      2 The ________of the lecture theatre is 200 people.

      3 Economic forecasters have ________that the economy will grow by 0.5% next year.

      4 There are ________300,000 international students studying in the UK.

      5 The spreadsheet automatically ________or ________to the nearest whole number.

      6 The ________loan available is £5,000 and the ________loan available is £500.

      7 The ________of a bowling ball is 7.25 kilograms.

      8 ________measurements are essential in many scientific experiments.

       Exercise 3

      Use another word in the box in Exercise 2 to describe each item below.

      1 1/3 ________

      2 245 × 6 ________

      3 98% ________

      4 100 ml ________

       Exercise 4

      Put the word in brackets into the correct form in each of these sentences.

      1 The closest ________was 2 years 4 months. (estimate)

      2 There are a number of different ways to ________an average. (calculate)

      3 There are ________1.3 billion people in China. (approximate)

      4 The ________of another variable completely changed the outcome of the experiment. (add)

      5 The values were ________and then used to find the average. (total)

      6 The answers were cross-checked to ________predict the outcome. (accurate)

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