A Comparative Vocabulary Guide: Spanish to English to Portuguese. Robert D. O'Brian

Чтение книги онлайн.

СКАЧАТЬ weapon

      (antes de o) - wh como j en jugo - who

      (antes de a, i, e) - wh como w en whiskey - white, where

      X = (al principio de palabra) - z como en zinc - xylophone

      ( cuando va entre vocales) - se pronuncia gs - exempt

      (en los demás casos) - como en exacto - box

      Y = (final de palabra después de consonante) - ai como en vaina - my, by

      principio de la palabra) - como en ya (muy suave) - yellow

      Z = como en zumbido - zoo

      Portuguese Pronunciation Guide

      A: (unstressed) o as in mother; (stressed) a as in father; ão as own in town; ai as ie in pie; au as own in town; ã as an in anger; â as the a in cat

      B: as the b in but

      C: before e or i, as the s in safe; before a, o, u, as the c in come

      Ç: before a, o, u it is pronounced as the s in song; before ã it is pronounced as the s in sorry

      CH: as the ch in machine or sh in shoot

      D: as the d in door; before i or e as in judge

      E: ê is closed; é is open, the e as in net; weak stress the a as in about; ei as ay in day

      F: the f as in first

      G: before a, o, u, as the hard g in got; before e and i, as the s in pleasure

      H: the h is silent

      I: the i as in free

      J: as dj in measure

      K: as the k in kite

      L: as in silver; lh as lli in million

      M: as in mean

      N: as in night; nh as ni in onion, similar in Spanish to año

      O: closed as o in law; open as o in not; oi as oy in toy; ou as ow in slow; ô as oa in coal

      P: as in people

      Q: before a or o the qu as the similar sound of the English word quota. Before e and i the qu is pronounced like the c in the English word cat

      R: as the first letter of a word, it is pronounced as an h as in heat, otherwise it is pronounced much like the English h as in home

      S: at the beginning of a word or syllable, as the s in sail; between vowels, as the s in rose. The sh sound is like the sh in the English word ship

      T: pronounced as the English t except when followed by e or i it is pronounced as chee as in the English word cheese

      U: as the last u in kung fu

      V: as the English v in Victor

      W: Brazilians tend to pronounce w as the v sound

      X: as sh in shoe

      Y: as y in yell

      Z: as z in zero

      There are 4 defined ‘qualities’ of Portuguese vowels, known as open, close, reduced, and nasal.

      When the vowel has a circumflex over it (^), close quality; with an acute accent over it (´ ), open quality, (usually the acute é is pronounced as more as ‘ay’); a tilde (~) over a vowel has a nasal pronunciation as does the letter m or n after a vowel. When a word ends with a vowel, or starts with an ‘e’, you would normally use the reduced quality unless there is an accent to indicate otherwise. However, an ‘e’ at the end of a word, followed by a vowel at the start of the next word, normally requires the ‘e’ to become more ‘close’, as the ‘e’ in ‘people’ (this is for ease of articulation).

      The signs and symbols appearing in this guide are identified as follows:

      (A) = the feminine ending

      (f) = feminine

      (m) = masculine

      (n) = noun

      (adj) = adjective

      (adv) = adverb

      ó = or

      ú = or

      sthg = something

      sb = somebody

      s = plural

      (AERO) = aeronautics

      (AGRIC) = agriculture

      (ANAT) = anatomical

      (ARCHIT) = architecture

      (ARTE) = art, artistic

      (ASTROL) = astrology

      (ASTRON) = astronomy

      (AUTO) = automotive

      (BIOL) = biology

      (BOT) = botany

      (CINE) = cinema

      (COM) = commercial

      (DEP) = sports

      (DER) = legal

      (ECON) = economics

      (ELECTR) = electrical

      (FIN) = financial

      (FIS) = physics

      (FOTO) = photography

      (GEN) = general meaning

      (GEOG) = geography

      (GEOL) = geology

      (GRAM) = grammar

      (INFORM) = inf. technology

      (LITER) = literature

      (MAT) = mathematics

      (MECAN) = mechanical

      (MED) = medical

      (METEO) = meteorologiacal

      (MIL) = military

      (MUS) = music

      (NAUT) = nautical

      (POL) = politics

      (QUIM) = chemistry

      (RELIG) = religion

      (TECNOL) СКАЧАТЬ