Julius Nyerere. Paul Bjerk

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СКАЧАТЬ for his election as president of the TAA in April 1953. They thought he could help reverse the decline of the TAA, which had fallen on hard times, victim to subtle government intimidation and the rising radicalism of other organizations. The Meru Citizens’ Union peacefully brought its case for land reform all the way to the United Nations, while some World War II veterans spoke of “going to the forest” to start a guerrilla movement.³ Nyerere was concerned that rising militancy in some upcountry districts would lead to clashes with the colonial government. He believed that Tanganyika could be liberated from colonial rule, but that violence would only delay independence and sabotage the freedom that followed. He wanted to avoid forcing the government into a defensive crouch, as had happened in Kenya because of the Mau Mau rebellion there.

      Nyerere worked with Kyaruzi and the Sykes brothers to rewrite the TAA constitution for its transformation into TANU. They made it a more effective umbrella organization that could coordinate the efforts of various African political groups and better control the policies and statements of branch offices. The new constitution declared their intention to “build up a united nationalism” and “fight relentlessly until Tanganyika is self-governing and independent.”⁴

       “The Atmosphere Has Been Suddenly Revolutionised”

      At the July 1954 conference, Nyerere pointed out that since Tanganyika was technically a UN trust territory and not a British colony, they owed no allegiance to the Queen of England. So, when a UN delegation came back with a positive report and recommended independence within the next twenty-five years, the TANU leadership took it as an endorsement of their ambition for independence. They deftly brought about a peaceful transition in a fraction of that time.

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