Crisis of Empire. Phil Booth

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      ISBN 978-0-520-28042-7 (cloth, alk. paper)

      eISBN 978-0-520-95658-2

      1. Church history—7th century.2. Moschus, John, approximately 550–619.3. Sophronius, Saint, Patriarch of Jerusalem, approximately 560–approximately 638.4. Maximus, Confessor, Saint, approximately 580–662.I. Title.

      BR162.3.B662013

      270.2—dc232013011399

      Manufactured in the United States of America

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      In keeping with a commitment to support environmentally responsible and sustainable printing practices, UC Press has printed this book on Natures Natural, a fiber that contains 30% post-consumer waste and meets the minimum requirements of ANSI/NISO Z39.48–1992 (R 1997) (Permanence of Paper).

      For my parents

      CONTENTS

      Preface

      Abbreviations

      Introduction

      1.Toward the Sacramental Saint

       Ascetics and the Eucharist before Chalcedon

       Cyril of Scythopolis and the Second Origenist Crisis

       Mystics and Liturgists

       Hagiography and the Eucharist after Chalcedon

      2.Sophronius and the Miracles

       Impresario of the Saints

       Medicine and Miracle

       Narratives of Redemption

       The Miracles in Comparative Perspective

      3.Moschus and the Meadow

       The Fall of Jerusalem

       Moschus from Alexandria to Rome

       Ascetics and the City

       Chalcedon and the Eucharist

      4.Maximus and the Mystagogy

       Maximus, Monk of Palestine

       The Return of the Cross

       The Mystagogy

      5.The Making of the Monenergist Crisis

       The Origins of Monenergism

       The Heraclian Unions

       Sophronius the Dissident

      6.Jerusalem and Rome at the Dawn of the Caliphate

       Sophronius the Patriarch

       Jerusalem from Roman to Islamic Rule

       The Year of the Four Emperors

       From Operations to Wills

       Maximus and the Popes

      7.Rebellion and Retribution

       Maximus from Africa to Rome

       The Roman-Palestinian Alliance

       Rebellion and Trial

       Maximus in Exile

      Conclusion

      Bibliography

       Primary Sources

       Secondary Sources

      Index

      PREFACE

      I first encountered John Moschus’s Spiritual Meadow in December 2003. Richard Miles had introduced me to late antiquity while a Classics undergraduate at Churchill College, Cambridge, and as a Master’s student Peter Garnsey guided me through the world of late-antique monasticism and encouraged me to pursue Moschus and his circle further. This monograph is the result. It was completed in two distinct stages: first, as a doctoral student at Trinity Hall, Cambridge; and then as Junior Research Fellow at Trinity College, Oxford. The final stages of redrafting, editing, and proofreading were then carried out while holding positions funded by the Leverhulme Trust, the Isaac Newton Trust, and the A.G. Leventis Foundation, whose support I gratefully acknowledge. The thesis was generously funded by grants from Trinity Hall and from the Arts and Humanities Research Council, and was supervised by Peter Sarris, to whom I am immensely grateful for all his guidance, encouragement, and hard work. Not least, to Peter I owe also the inspiration to move outside the classical languages and genres with which I was most familiar, a decision that opened up to me entire new worlds. The thesis was examined by Rebecca Flemming and Peregrine Horden, who offered numerous comments and improvements, not least the demand for a deeper contextualization of the intellectual currents that I had identified. In Oxford I then spent three happy years converting the thesis into a monograph. I was privileged to do so in the edifying company of Bryan Ward-Perkins at Trinity, and benefited from innumerable conversations with James Howard-Johnston. To all these friends and mentors at Cambridge and at Oxford I owe an enormous personal and intellectual debt.

      I must thank in addition two contemporaries who have had an immeasurable impact on the intellectual shape and content of this book. First, at Cambridge, Matthew dal Santo, with whom I shared a PhD supervisor and whose own work on the early Byzantine cult of saints has recently appeared with Oxford University Press; and, second, Marek Jankowiak, who arrived in Oxford while I was completing the monograph and whose own book on the monothelete crisis will appear almost simultaneously with this. I cannot overstate the advantage that I have enjoyed in having two friends who shared my general approach to religious texts, who were engaged with precisely the same sources, and with whom I was not afraid to test out new ideas. Without their input, criticism, and friendship, this monograph would have been all the poorer.

      Since my first encounter with the Meadow I have built up a considerable number of debts to others, not all of whom can be acknowledged. I am extremely fortunate to have benefited from the comments and advice of the two scholars whose work most inspired my interest in the topic and the period. Peter Brown read both the PhD thesis and an earlier version of the monograph, and his encouragement energized the long process of expanding the former into the latter; and Averil СКАЧАТЬ