Computing and the National Science Foundation, 1950-2016. William Aspray

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СКАЧАТЬ program officers using several employment strategies including Visiting Scientist, Engineer, and Educator (VSEE); Intergovernmental Personnel Act (IPA); and temporary excepted service assignments.

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      50.ESL, Inc. was a defense contractor specializing in satellite and other photographic image processing. ESL was led by William Perry, later Secretary of Defense under Clinton and earlier Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering from 1977 to 1981, and Robert Fossum, who was DARPA Director from 1976 to 1981.

      51.Sponsored Projects Office, University of California, Berkeley. Quick Guide to Working with NSF FastLane and Research.gov. https://spo.berkeley.edu/guide/fastlanequick.html; last accessed 19 March 2019.

      52.Theoretical Computer Science was the largest program and received only about 100 proposals per year.

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      55.Nomination information and winners can be found at https://amturing.acm.org/.

      56.The Turing Award is presented each June at the ACM Awards Banquet and is accompanied by a prize of $1,000,000 plus travel expenses to the banquet. Financial support for the award [currently] is provided by Google Inc.

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      59.Ted Codd, Dennis Ritchie, Ken Thompson, John Cocke, Ivan Sutherland, Butler Lampson, Dick Sterns, Doug Engelbart, Jim Gray, Alan Kay, Vint Cerf, Bob Kahn, Fran Allen, and Chuck Thacker were primarily in industry or government, while Tony Hoare, Steve Cook, Niklaus Wirth, Robin Milner, Ole Dahl, Kristen Nygaard, Peter Naur, Joseph Sifakis, Silvio Micali, and Tim Berners-Lee carried out their Turing-related research in Europe, Canada, or Israel.

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      65.Telenet was developed by Larry Roberts, the original ARPANET program manager.

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      72.J. H. Ellis. 1970. The possibility of secure non-secret digital encryption. UK Communications Electronics Security Group, vol. 6. http://cryptocellar.org/cesg/possnse.pdf.

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      78.Denning СКАЧАТЬ