Computing and the National Science Foundation, 1950-2016. William Aspray

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СКАЧАТЬ id="ulink_af1c6c0a-a2c1-5fdf-95c9-f1c83c834a19">8.G. T. Mazuzan. July 1994. The National Science Foundation: A Brief History, p. 1. https://www .nsf.gov/about/history/nsf50/nsf8816.jsp; last accessed 29 January 2018.

9.National Science Foundation Act of 1950, as amended through PL 112-166, enacted August 10, 2012. legcounsel.house.gov/Comps/81-507.pdf; last accessed 29 January 2018.

10.E. Altman and S. Brown. 1991. From retrieval to robotics: The National Science Foundation’s support of information research. Government Information Quarterly, 8(4): 359–373.

11.B. W. Adkinson. 1976. National Science Foundation—science information. In A. Kent, H. Lancour, and J. Daily, eds. Encyclopedia of Library and Information Science: Volume 19. CRC Press.

12.T. Jayroe. 2012. Homage to Helen Brownson: Information science pioneer. Proceedings of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 49(1): 4-1. DOI: 10.1002/meet .14504901264.

13.National Science Foundation Annual Report, June 30, 1956. https://www.nsf.gov/pubs/1956/ annualreports/ar_1956.pdf.

14.J. H. Shera and J. W. Perry, eds. 1957. Information Systems in Documentation Advances. New York: Interscience.

15.Shera and Perry, 1957, op. cit.

16.Adkinson, 1976, op. cit. , p. 156.

17.Declassified memorandum from the NSA Archives; available in Eisenhower Library. https://www.eisenhower.archives.gov/research/online_documents/declassified_fy_2017 .html.

18.Members included Luis Alvarez (University of California, Berkeley), Hendrik Bode (Bell Labs), Richard Garwin (IBM), David Huffman (MIT), John Milnor (Princeton), John Pierce (Bell Labs), Nathaniel Rochester (IBM), Oliver Selfridge (Lincoln Labs), John Tukey (Princeton & Bell Labs), and William Baker (Bell Labs).

19.J. P. Emard. 1976. An information science chronology in perspective. Bulletin of the American Society for Information Science, 2(8): 51–56.

20.Adkinson, 1976, op. cit. , p. 156.

21.G. Lappan. October 1997. Lessons from the Sputnik era in mathematics education. In National Academy of Sciences symposium titled Reflecting on Sputnik: Linking the Past, Present, and Future of Educational Reform, 7: 2003.

22.T. E. Pinelli, M. Henderson, A. P. Bishop, and P. Doty. 1992. Chronology of Selected Literature, Reports, Policy Instruments, and Significant Events Affecting Federal Scientific and Technical Information (STI) in the United States. Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NASA TM-101662: National Defense Education Act (NDEA) (P.L. 85–864) United States Statutes at Large, 72: 1580–1605. http://wwwedu.oulu.fi/tohtorikoulutus/jarjestettava_opetus/Troehler/NDEA_1958.pdf last accessed 30 January 2018.

23.NSF Annual Report, 1959. https://www.nsf.gov/pubs/1959/annualreports/ar_1959.pdf.

24.National Bureau of Standards. Research Highlights of the National Bureau of Standards Annual Report, Fiscal Year 1959, Miscellaneous Publication 229. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/Legacy/MP/nbsmiscellaneouspub229 .pdf; last accessed 19 August 2018.

25.L. Fein. 1959. The role of the university in computers, data processing, and related fields. Communications of the ACM, (2): 7–14. DOI: 10.1145/368424.368427.

26.Fein, 1959, op. cit. , p. 8.

27.Fein, 1959, op. cit. , p. 13.

28.Altman and Brown, 1991, op. cit. , pp. 359–373.

29.J. Moriarty. 1963. Proceedings of the conference on training science information specialists. Georgia Institute of Technology, College & Research Libraries, 24(5): 432–433.

30.R.S. Taylor. 1976. On education. Bulletin of ASIS, 2(8): 34.

31.NSF Annual Report, 1970. https://www.nsf/gov/pubs/1970/annualreports/ar_1970.pdf.

32.E. Altman. 1993. National Science Foundation’s support of information research. Encyclopedia of Library and Information Science, 52: 273–291.

33.Adkinson, 1976, op. cit. , p. 166.

34.Adkinson, 1976, op. cit. , p. 166.

35.NSF Annual Report, 1974.

36.Adkinson, 1976,, op. cit. , pp. 154–176.

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