The Handy Psychology Answer Book. Lisa J. Cohen
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Название: The Handy Psychology Answer Book

Автор: Lisa J. Cohen

Издательство: Ingram

Жанр: Общая психология

Серия: The Handy Answer Book Series

isbn: 9781578595990

isbn:

СКАЧАТЬ varied field, involving both the performance of scientific research and the application of its findings. Psychologists work as scientists, clinicians, teachers, authors, consultants, and evaluators. They perform empirical research, provide therapy and assessment, and evaluate mental status or disability in numerous settings, such as the government, schools, and the judicial system. Psychologists also consult on wide-ranging problems for businesses, schools, the military, the police force, sports teams and even rock bands. As the study of human behavior, psychology can potentially apply to any field of human endeavor.

      What is the major professional association of American psychologists?

      The American Psychological Association (APA) was founded in 1892 and has 134,000 members in 2015. There are 56 divisions covering the wide range of activities within the field. The APA is the oldest and largest psychological association in the world.

      What is the difference between psychologists and psychiatrists?

      The responsibilities of psychologists and psychiatrists often overlap; both psychologists and psychiatrists can diagnose and evaluate mental illness, provide psychotherapy, and conduct research. Nonetheless, their background and training differ considerably. In general, psychologists are students of the mind and behavior while psychiatrists are experts in mental illness. Psychologists are trained in academia and their highest degree is the doctorate (Ph.D. or Psy.D.) in psychology. They do not prescribe medicine, unless they are certified by the few states that have prescription privileges for psychologists. Moreover, not all psychologists are involved with clinical work. In contrast, psychiatrists are trained in the medical field. They are all physicians, having completed medical school and having obtained an M.D. (or D.O.). Their training is almost entirely clinical and focuses on the evaluation and pharmacological treatment (i.e., medication) of severe mental illness.

      What are the divisions of the American Psychological Association?

      The APA is divided into the following interest groups, known as divisions.

      1. Society for General Psychology

      2. Society for the Teaching of Psychology

      3. Experimental Psychology

      5. Evaluation, Measurement and Statistics

      6. Behavioral Neuroscience and Comparative Psychology

      7. Developmental Psychology

      8. Society for Personality and Social Psychology

      9. Society for the Psychological Study of Social Issues (SPSSI)

      10. Society for the Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity and the Arts

      12. Society of Clinical Psychology

      13. Society of Consulting Psychology

      14. Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology

      15. Educational Psychology

      16. School Psychology

      17. Society of Counseling Psychology

      18. Psychologists in Public Service

      19. Society for Military Psychology

      20. Adult Development and Aging

      21. Applied Experimental and Engineering Psychology

      22. Rehabilitation Psychology

      23. Society for Consumer Psychology

      24. Society for Theoretical and Philosophical Psychology

      25. Behavior Analysis

      26. Society for the History of Psychology

      27. Society for Community Research and Action: Division of Community Psychology

      28. Psychopharmacology and Substance Abuse

      29. Psychotherapy

      30. Society of Psychological Hypnosis

      31. State, Provincial and Territorial Psychological Association Affairs

      32. Society for Humanistic Psychology

      33. Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities

      34. Society for Environmental, Population and Conservation Psychology

      35. Society for the Psychology of Women

      36. Society for the Psychology of Religion and Spirituality

      37. Society for Child and Family Policy and Practice

      38. Health Psychology

      39. Psychoanalysis

      40. Society for Clinical Neuropsychology

      41. American Psychology-Law Society

      42. Psychologists in Independent Practice

      43. Society for Family Psychology

      44. Society for the Psychological Study of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Issues

      45. Society for the Psychological Study of Ethnic Minority Issues

      46. Society for Media Psychology and Technology

      47. Exercise and Sport Psychology

      48. Society for the Study of Peace, Conflict and Violence: Peace Psychology Division

      49. Society of Group Psychology and Group Psychotherapy

      50. Society of Addiction Psychology

      51. Society for the Psychological Study of Men and Masculinity

      52. International Psychology

      53. Society of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology

      54. Society of Pediatric Psychology

      55. American Society for the Advancement of Pharmacotherapy

      56. Trauma Psychology

      PSYCHOLOGY BEFORE PSYCHOLOGY

      When was the field of psychology established?

      The study of mental processes as a science is relatively new because it is dependent on the scientific revolution. Wilhelm Wundt (1832–1920) is credited with first establishing psychology as an independent science. He opened the first scientific laboratory to study psychology in 1879 at the University of Leipzig. Wundt was interested in investigating human consciousness. He did this through the method of introspection; researchers were trained to observe and then report their own sensory experience in response to physical СКАЧАТЬ