Book of illustrations : Ancient Tragedy. Aeschylus

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СКАЧАТЬ gestures proper to Sepulchral rites. They descend (with the exception of Electra) the Orchestra-staircase, and perform a Choral Ode with funeral rhythm and gestures. Orestes and Pylades, recognizing them, stand aside. {19}

SEPULCHRAL ODE AS CHORUS-ENTRY

       in three Strophes, Antistrophes, and an Epode,

      describes in words the tearings of cheeks, rending of garments, and groans, which are actually the gestures of their dance, and are proper to a Sepulchral rite such as they have been sent to perform by their Queen, terrified as she has been by a dream the night before, a dream signifying how the Dead were wroth with those that slew them. But the Chorus like not this graceless deed of grace: what ransom can be found for the overthrow of the lord of a house? with him Awe has been overthrown, and Fear takes its place, or yet more Success is God. {53}

                    Yet stroke of Vengeance swift

                    Smites some in life's clear day;

                For some who tarry long their sorrows wait

                In twilight dim, on darkness' borderland;

                    And some an endless night

                    Of nothingness holds fast.

      Yes: for blood once spilt, for the marriage tie defiled, there is no remedy – yet the Chorus must, as part of their bitter captive lot, perform the rite they have no heart in. {75}

       Through this Ode Electra, who ought to have taken the lead, has stood on the stage irresolute: she now addresses the Chorus, who at her word fall into their Episode positions.

EPISODE I

       Electra puts to the Chorus the same difficulty they have been feeling:

                What shall I say as these funereal gifts

                I pour? How shall I speak acceptably?

                How to my father pray? What? shall I say

                "I bring from loving wife to husband loved

                Gifts" – from my mother? No, I am not bold

                Enough for that, nor know I what to speak,

                Pouring this chrism on my father's tomb:

                Or shall I say this prayer, as men are wont,

                "Good recompense make thou to those who bring

                These garlands," yea, a gift full well deserved

                By deeds of ill? Or, dumb with ignominy

                Like that with which he perished, shall I pour

                Libations on the earth, and like a man

                That flings away the lustral filth, shall I

                Throw down the urn and walk with eyes not turned? {97}

      The Chorus-Leader breaking ranks to lay her hand on the Sepulchre as sign of fidelity, advises to throw off all disguise and pray boldly for friend and against foe. Electra in this sense offers the Prayer: setting forth the wrongs of the house and praying for Orestes and Vengeance: then calling on the Chorus for a Sepulchral Song she descends to the tomb. {144}

       Sepulchral Paean of short Strophe and Antistrophe: for these libations' sake may the curse be averted – yet who strong enough to come as Averter: while Electra is pouring the libations on the tomb. {157}

       Electra returns to Stage, her whole manner changed: as if the prayer had already begun to be fulfilled, she has found the mysterious locks which, she bit by bit lets out, must be those of Orestes – the Chorus, like sailors in a storm, can only invoke the gods: if the day has come, from a small seed a mighty trunk may grow – Electra then discovers foot-prints [as if leading from the Side Stage-door to the Orchestra-staircase] of two travellers; one foot-print agrees with her brother's: {203}

       Orestes and Pylades come forward: recognition and joy, Electra hardly believing. She addresses him by four-fold name: as father dear,

                The love I owe my mother turns to thee,

                My sister's too that ruthlessly was slain,

                And thou wast ever faithful brother found.

      Orestes compares his family to an eagle's brood orphaned by the spoiler. Electra catching at the omen of eagle, dear bird of Zeus who will avenge his own —Chorus are afraid that their noisy joy may be overheard and ruin all – Orestes has no fear of ruin after the strong oracles of Apollo that bade him come under terrible penalties if he disobeyed: {261}

                    Leprous sores that creep

                All o'er the flesh, and as with cruel jaws

                Eat out its ancient nature, and white hairs

                On that foul ill to supervene: and still

                He spake of other onsets of the Erinnyes,

                As brought to issue from a father's blood;

                For the dark weapon of the Gods below

                Winged by our kindred that lie low in death,

                And beg for vengeance, yea, and madness too,

                And vague, dim fears at night disturb and haunt me,

                Seeing full clearly, though I move my brow

                In the thick darkness.. and that then my frame

                Thus tortured should be driven from the city

                With brass-knobbed scourge: and that for such as I

                It was not given to share the wine-cup's taste,

                Nor votive stream in pure libation poured;

                And that my father's wrath invisible

                Would drive me from all altars, and that none

                Should take me in or lodge with me: at last,

                That loathed of all and friendless I should die,

                A wretched mummy, all my strength consumed.

                Must I not trust such oracles as these? {297}

       The Chorus, breaking into lyrics, feel that Justice has at last taken their side: then follows an elaborate

KOMMOS, OR LYRIC CONCERTO

       by Orestes, Electra and Chorus, in highly intricate and interwoven Strophes and Antistrophes, with funereal gesture. The jaws of flame do not reduce the corpse to senselessness; they can hear below this our Rite and will send answer – what a fate was Agamemnon's, not that of the warrior who dies leaving high fame at home and laying strong and sure his children's paths in life, but to be struck down by his own kin! But there is a sense of Vengeance being at hand, Erinnys and the Curses of the slain; they make the heart quiver: the Dirge crescendoes till it breaks into the СКАЧАТЬ