Large Animal Neurology. Joe Mayhew
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Название: Large Animal Neurology
Автор: Joe Mayhew
Издательство: John Wiley & Sons Limited
Жанр: Биология
isbn: 9781119477198
isbn:
For acute control of seizures in adult horses, IV glucose should be administered if hypoglycemia is suspected. Then, 50 mg IV doses of diazepam or midazolam can be used.32, 33 Benzodiazepine drugs should not be left in a plastic container or syringe for more than a few minutes as they may become inactivated. If diazepam or an alternative benzodiazepine drug is not available, then standard doses of alpha‐2 agonist drugs, or IV levetiracetam can be used. If these are ineffective, then general anesthesia is indicated and at this stage euthanasia must be strongly considered. Midazolam can also be considered as first line therapy for neonatal seizures in foals,32,34 and intranasal equivalent doses may expedite seizure control.35
Pharmacokinetic and related drug disposition studies on phenobarbital,36–39 potassium bromide40,41 and phenytoin in horses,42–44 potassium bromide in sheep,45 and phenobarbital46 and levetiracetam in foals have been published. Gabapentin,48 pregabalin,49 and imepitoin50 may need to be considered if the starting drugs are ineffective at giving some seizure control. Several other human anticonvulsant drugs may be worth considering if control of seizures is unsatisfactory. Two drugs that have been tried in foals with unsubstantiated anticonvulsant results are carbamazepine (a sodium channel stabilizer) at 250–500 mg doses and triazoline (an excitatory amino acid antagonist) at 1 g doses. Discussions on the use of antiseizure medication in small animals51 and in humans52 are useful resources to consult.
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