Hebrew For Dummies. Jill Suzanne Jacobs

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СКАЧАТЬ 23 עֶשְׂרִים וּשְׁלוֹשָׁה (ehs-reem oosh-loh-sah) עֶשְׂרִים וְשָׁלוֹשׁ (ehs-reem veh-shah-lohsh) 24 עֶשְׂרִים וְאַרְבָּעָה (ehs-reem veh-ahr-bah-ah) עֶשְׂרִים וְאַרְבַּע (ehs-reem veh-ahr-bah) 25 עֶשְׂרִים וַחֲמִשָּׁה (ehs-reem vah-ḥah-mee-shah) עֶשְׂרִים וְחָמֵשׁ (ehs-reem veh-ḥah-mesh) 26 עֶשְׂרִים וְשִׂבַּע (ehs-reem veh-sheev- ah) עֶשְׂרִים וְשֵׁשׁ (ehs-reem veh-shehsh) 27 עֶשְׂרִים וְשִׁבְעָה (ehs-reem veh-sheev- ah) עֶשְׂרִים וְשֶׁבַע (ehs-reem veh-sheh-vah) 28 עֶשְׂרִים וּשְׁמוֹנָה (ehs-reem ush-moh-nah) עֶשְׂרִים וּשְׁמוֹנֶה (ehs-reem ush-moh-neh) 29 עֶשְׂרִים וְתִשְׁעָה (ehs-reem veh-teesh-ah) עֶשְׂרִים וְתֵשַׁע (ehs-reem veh-the-sha)

If you can count to 30, you can count to a million! For all the numbers, you follow the same pattern as in Table 1-4. First, state the number that’s the multiple of 10 (20, 30, 40, and so on); then add וְ (veh; and) plus the single digit: שְׁלוֹשִׁים וְאֶחָד (shloh-sheem veh-eh-ḥahd; 31), אַרְבָּעִים וְאֶחָד (ahr-bah-eem veh-eh-chahd; 41), and so on.

      To count by hundreds, first say the feminine number of the quantity of hundreds, such as four (אַרְבַּע), and then add the word for hundreds (מֵאוֹת). This pattern continues until a thousand:

100	מֵאָה	may-ah
200	מָאתַיִם	mah-tah-yeem
300	שְׁלוֹשׁ מֵאוֹת	shlohsh-meh-oht

      To count by thousands, first you say the feminine number of the quantity of thousands and then follow it with the word for thousands, אֲלָפִי (ah-lah-feem). This pattern continues to 1 million. The Hebrew word for 1,000 is אֶלֶף (eh-lehf), and the word for 2,000 is אַלְפַּיִם (ahl-pah-yeem):

1,000	אֶלֶף	eh-lehf
2,000	אַלְפַּיִם	ahl-pah-eem
3,000	שְׁלֹשֶׁת אֲלָפִים	shloh-sheht ah-lah-feem
10,000	עֲשֶׂרֶת אֲלָפִים	ah-seh-reht ah-lah-feem
1,000,000	מִלְיוֹן	meel-yohn

      Several chapters in this book give you an opportunity to practice using numbers. Check out Chapter 9 to find out how to ask for and give phone numbers. Also see Chapter 14, which is all about money. Don’t you love counting money?

Recognizing Tips to Help You Read Hebrew

      Hebrew is no ordinary language. Quite the contrary. Hebrew dates back more than 3,500 years to antiquity, and the Hebrew alphabet is quite possibly the first alphabet known to humankind. Hebrew was the language of King David and King Solomon, and the Bible’s original language. Furthermore, ancient people called the Phoenicians based their alphabet on the Hebrew alphabet. The Greeks based their alphabet on the Phoenicians’ letters. And the Latin letters you’re reading right now are derived from the Greeks’ letters! So, although the Hebrew language may look a little different, only four degrees separate it from what you’re used to.

      

In Jewish circles, using the terms CE (Common Era) and BCE (Before the Common Era) instead of the terms AD (Anno Domini, or year of our Lord) and B. (Before Christ) is customary. In Hebrew, you say לִפְנֵי הַסְּפִירָה (leef-nahy hah-sfee-rah; before the counting) and אַחֲרֵי הַסְּפִירָה (ah-chah-ray hah-sfee-rah; after the counting). 2021/22 is 5782, dated from the time of Creation, placed at 3761 BCE.

      Figuring out the Hebrew alphabet’s shapes, sounds, and stories

      The Hebrew alphabet is one of the oldest alphabets still in use today. Even though the letters look different from the Latin characters that comprise the English alphabet, don’t be intimidated! Just spend some time memorizing the shapes and sounds of these Hebrew letters and reading Hebrew will be easier!

      Like many ancient alphabets, the Hebrew alphabet is written from right to left. Hebrew consists of 22 letters, all of which are consonants. Vowels aren’t written within the consonant letters; rather, they’re written in the form of dots and dashes below the consonant letters. For a more complete discussion of Hebrew vowels, see “Those dots and dashes they call vowels” later in this chapter.

      The pronunciation I provide in this book is the Sephardic (Mediterranean) pronunciation, which is spoken in Israel today. Ashkenazi (European) pronunciation differs slightly; the vowels, for example, have different pronunciations, and a few consonants are different as well. I use Sephardic pronunciation in this book.

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